Bulk Terpolymerization of Conjugated Linoleic Acid with Styrene and Butyl Acrylate

Abstract

Free radical bulk terpolymerizations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), styrene (Sty), and butyl acrylate (BA) were performed at 80 °C. Terpolymers were characterized for composition, conversion, molecular weight, and glass transition temperature. A pseudokinetic model was developed for the prediction of terpolymer composition and validated with experimental data. One impurity commonly found in CLA, oleic acid, was shown to influence the reaction kinetics significantly. The ability of oleic acid to trap electrons results in the formation of oligomeric species at the beginning of the reaction; after the oleic acid is consumed, the reaction kinetics proceed normally.

The role of radical polymerization in the production of thermoregulating microcapsules or polymers from saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

“…As can be seen, the increases significantly with the use of vinyl monomers and mainly with DVB. The values of conversion are higher than those reported by Roberge and Dubé . This differences in the conversion values could be due to the use of a higher mass ratio between initiator and monomers in this study compared to that used by Roberge and Dubé .…”

“…However, the shell materials used in those studies are not suitable for building applications, since they are easily degraded. Only studies about the behavior in bulk polymerization of unsaturated fatty acids with vinyl monomer in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as radical initiator have been reported . These studies demonstrated the reactivity of conjugated linoleic acid (LinA) to form copolymers.…”

Infrared process monitoring of conjugated linoleic acid/styrene/butyl acrylate bulk and emulsion terpolymerization

“…Occasional off‐line sample characterization was performed using 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy and gravimetry to validate the results. Both the bulk and emulsion polymerization off‐line conversion and polymer composition results were reported previously . The in‐line ATR‐FTIR approach provides interesting insight into the initial fast production of CLA‐rich oligomers compared to the offline measurements where infrequent measurements did not provide a full composition profile in the early reaction stages.…”

“…The in‐line ATR‐FTIR approach provides interesting insight into the initial fast production of CLA‐rich oligomers compared to the offline measurements where infrequent measurements did not provide a full composition profile in the early reaction stages. Comparison of past work with the bulk terpolymer and that with the emulsion terpolymer reveals no significant differences between the respective composition profiles. This leads to the conclusion that a mass transfer limitation on CLA is unlikely; another interesting insight provided by the in‐line ATR‐FTIR method.…”

“…According to our peak assignments, both of these peaks relate to both CLA polymer and BA monomer, i.e., the CLA polymer and BA monomer peaks overlap at both 1190 cm −1 and 1730 cm −1 (refer to Table ). This trajectory confirms earlier speculation on the behavior of the oleic acid impurity found in the CLA . An initial production of CLA‐rich oligomers is reflected by the sharp increase in the two peaks for the first 5–10 min.…”