Bulk Electron Transport and Charge Injection in a High Mobility n‐Type Semiconducting Polymer

Steyrleuthner, Robert; Schubert, Marcel; Jaiser, Frank; Blakesley, James C.; Chen, Zhihua; Facchetti, Antonio; Neher, Dieter

doi:10.1002/adma.201000232

Cited by 151 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Similar results for undoped vs. 2% MR doped P(NDI 2 OD-T 2 ) were reported previously. 20 Previous studies employing J-E measurements on undoped P(NDI 2 OD-T 2 ) diodes have concluded that electron transport is trap-free, [30][31][32] in contrast to the results of Fig. 3.…”

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confidence: 53%

Dopant controlled trap-filling and conductivity enhancement in an electron-transport polymer

Higgins

Mohapatra

Barlow

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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Charge transport in organic semiconductors is often inhibited by the presence of tail states that extend into the band gap of a material and act as traps for charge carriers. This work demonstrates the passivation of acceptor tail states by solution processing of ultra-low concentrations of a strongly reducing air-stable organometallic dimer, the pentamethylrhodocene dimer, [RhCp*Cp]2, into the electron transport polymer poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)}, P(NDI2OD-T2). Variable-temperature current-voltage measurements of n-doped P(NDI2OD-T2) are presented with doping concentration varied through two orders of magnitude. Systematic variation of the doping parameter is shown to lower the activation energy for hopping transport and enhance film conductivity and electron mobility.

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contrasting

confidence: 53%

Dopant controlled trap-filling and conductivity enhancement in an electron-transport polymer

Higgins

Mohapatra

Barlow

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Mobility measured by the SCLC method is more relevant to the bulk process, e.g., organic photovoltaic device and OLED (organic light-emitting device) devices. 48,49 All donor:acceptor polymer blend film devices were made similarly as the all-PSCs devices. The electron-only device was fabricated using ITO/ZnO/active layer/Al structure, and hole-only device was fabricated using ITO/MoOx/active layer/Au structure (the detailed procedure of device fabrication is given in the Experimental Section).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance of n-Type Naphthalene Diimide–Bithiophene P(NDI2OD-T2) Copolymer by Incorporation of Perylene Diimide as Coacceptor

et al. 2016

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Naphthalene diimide−bithiophene P(NDI2OD-T2) is a well-known donor−acceptor polymer, previously explored as n-type material in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) and organic field effect transistor (OFETs) applications. The optical, bulk, electrochemical, and semiconducting properties of P(NDI2OD-T2) polymer were tuned via random incorporation of perylene diimide (PDI) as coacceptor with naphthalene diimide (NDI). Three random copolymers containing 2,2′-bithiophene as donor unit and varying compositions of naphthalene diimide (NDI) and perylene diimide (xPDI, x = 15, 30, and 50 mol % of PDI) as two mixed acceptors were synthesized by Stille coupling copolymerization. Proton NMR spectra recorded in CDCl 3 showed that the π−π stacking induced aggregation among the naphthalene units could be successfully disrupted by the random incorporation of bulky PDI units. The newly synthesized random copolymers were investigated as electron acceptors in BHJ all-PSCs, and their performance was compared with P(NDI2OD-T2) as reference polymer. An enhanced PCE of 5.03% was observed for BHJ all-PSCs (all-polymer solar cells) fabricated using NDI-Th-PDI30 as acceptor and PTB7-Th as donor, while the reference polymer blend with the same donor polymer exhibited PCE of 2.97% efficiency under similar conditions. SCLC bulk carrier mobility measured for blend devices showed improved charge mobility compared to reference polymer, with PTB7-Th:NDI-Th-PDI30 blend device exhibiting the high hole and electron mobility of 4.2 × 10 −4 and 1.5 × 10 −4 cm 2 /(V s), respectively. This work demonstrates the importance of molecular design via random copolymer strategy to control the bulk crystallinity, compatibility, blend morphology, and solar cell performance of n-type copolymers.

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“…There is a clear link between morphology, crystallinity and mechanical properties of a BHJ, but drawing trends between these changes and the mechanical properties is difficult due to the complexity of such systems. [72][73][74][75] Recent studies have investigated methods for improving extensibility; certain levers such as adjusting the crystallinity, morphology and changing chemical structure are presented here, and a theoretical framework for understanding these modifications is outlined. The modulus and charge mobility of several polymers, along with PCBM, are plotted in Figure 8 to illustrate the general state of the field and the relative properties of these polymers.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Homopolymers and Alternating Copolymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics

Onorato

Pakhnyuk

Luscombe

2016

Polym J

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The field of stretchable electronics has recently gained significant interest from the academic community, with a focus on producing materials that demonstrate reliable electrical performance with improved response to mechanical deformation. This review highlights the recent progress in understanding the relationships between the mechanical behavior and electrical performance of such devices. Potential solutions can take the form of intrinsically elastic polymers, polymer semiconductor/ elastomer blends and alternative engineering-oriented approaches, which are discussed herein. Trends and design strategies are beginning to manifest in this early stage of the stretchable electronics field. The development of stretchable electrical systems can provide unique applications of organic electronics.

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Bulk Electron Transport and Charge Injection in a High Mobility n‐Type Semiconducting Polymer

Cited by 151 publications

References 40 publications

Dopant controlled trap-filling and conductivity enhancement in an electron-transport polymer

Dopant controlled trap-filling and conductivity enhancement in an electron-transport polymer

Improved All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance of n-Type Naphthalene Diimide–Bithiophene P(NDI2OD-T2) Copolymer by Incorporation of Perylene Diimide as Coacceptor

Structure and design of polymers for durable, stretchable organic electronics

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