Bulk and rheological properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels for water shutoff treatment

Moghadam, Asefe Mousavi; Sefti, Mohsen Vafaie; Salehi, Mahsa Baghban; Hasan, Najmul

doi:10.1007/s11814-013-0242-1

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As can be seen, in 1100 and 1800 Pa of stress, the gel strain was independent of time. Thus, this amount of stress applied to the gel cannot be considered as the yield stress . On the other hand, in 2000 Pa of applied stress and higher than that, a sudden increase in the amount of the gels strain was observed which represented of no resistance in the polymer gels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, this amount of stress applied to the gel cannot be considered as the yield stress. 18 On the other hand, in 2000 Pa of applied stress and higher than that, a sudden increase in the amount of the gels strain was observed which represented of no resistance in the polymer gels. As a result, the yield stress of the gel (dry) at 90°C has been measured between 1800 and 2000 Pa.…”

Section: Rheology On Gelant (Constant and Variable Frequency)mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Experimental study of polyacrylamide gel in close‐in well operation

Hajipour

Salehi²,

Sefti

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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An optimized polymer gel, known as temporary gel, based on polyacrylamide sulfonated copolymer, and a chromium acetate hydroxide were synthesized to close‐in the wells during applying well servicing work. Based on bottle tests, polymer gel with 28 000 ppm of polymer concentration, and 0.105 ratio of crosslinker to polymer, was selected. The pressure effect within the range of 1000 to 4000 psi indicated not impressive effect of pressure on the gel properties. As the results of creep test clarified, yield strength of the gel was measured at temperature of 90°C, and 2000 Pa. Moreover, the results of an experiment under simulated well condition showed a linear correlation between the height of polymer gel column, and the strength and persistence of gel against fluid pressure. At last, process of degelling with 40 g of optimum gel was performed using 14 g of 30 wt% solution of citric acid during 4 hours.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rheology On Gelant (Constant and Variable Frequency)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental study of polyacrylamide gel in close‐in well operation

Hajipour

Salehi²,

Sefti

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…The results reveal that G* increased with an increase in polymer concentration. This indicates the higher strength of the hydrogel structure and also the higher resistance to the applied strain (Mousavi Moghadam et al 2014). Moreover, the independent complex modulus to frequency represented the gelation of a 3D network in the hydrogel.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Hydrogel Strengthmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The storage modulus, G 0 , and loss modulus, G 00 , are experimentally measured to illustrate the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the polymeric system (Salimi et al 2014). They are real and imaginary parts of the complex dynamic modulus (Liu and Seright 2000;Mousavi Moghadam et al 2014):…”

Section: Rheological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylamide hydrogel application in sand control with compressive strength testing

2018

Self Cite

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Sand production is one of the major problems in sandstone reservoirs. Different mechanical and chemical methods have been proposed to control sand production. In this paper, we propose a chemical method based on using polyacrylamide/ chromium triacetate hydrogel to investigate sand production in a synthetic sandpack system. To this end, a series of bulk experiments including the bottle test and rheological analysis along with compression tests were conducted. Experimental results indicated that the compressive strength of the sandpack was increased as much as 30 times by injecting 0.5 pore volume of hydrogel. Also, it was found that the increases in cross-linker and polymer concentrations exhibited a positive impact on the compressive strength of the sandpack, mostly by cross-linker concentration (48 psi). Hydrogel with a higher value of cross-linker could retain its viscoelastic properties against the strain which was a maximum of 122% for 0.5 weight ratio of cross-linker/polymer. The presence of salts, in particular divalent cations, has a detrimental effect on the hydrogel stability. The maximum strain value applied on hydrogel in the presence of CaCl 2 was only about 201% as compared to 1010% in the presence of distilled water. Finally, thermogravimetric analysis and its derivative showed that the hydrogel could retain its structure up to 300°C. The results of this study revealed the potential application of the hydrogel to control sand production.

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“…Moreover, the presence of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and N -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) groups in acrylamide-copolymer chains improved the shear resistance, salt-tolerance, and/or prevented the acrylamide groups from autohydrolyzing at higher temperatures (≥70 °C), reducing the polymer’s tendency to precipitate out of the solution in the presence of divalent ions (e.g., Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ ), making them more favorable for high salinity/hardness applications than acrylate–acrylamide copolymers [19,20,21,22]. Also, the addition of lamellar clays to gelling formulations had been used to reduce the final cost of systems (filler), to increase the thermal resistance and mechanical strength (elastic modulus), as well as to reduce the syneresis and sensitivity to salinity of the (nano)composite hydrogels formed [23,24,25,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelation Kinetics of Hydrogels Based on Acrylamide–AMPS–NVP Terpolymer, Bentonite, and Polyethylenimine for Conformance Control of Oil Reservoirs

Tessarolli

Souza

Gomes

et al. 2019

Gels

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Relatively smaller volumes of gelling systems had been used to address conformance problems located near the wellbore in oil reservoirs with harsh temperature and salinity conditions. These gelling systems were formulated with high concentrations of low-molecular-weight acrylamide-based polymers crosslinked with polyethylenimine (PEI). However, for in-depth conformance control, in which large gelant volumes and long gelation times were required, lower-base polymer loadings were necessary to ensure the economic feasibility of the treatment. In this study, a gelling system with high-molecular weight 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), acrylamide terpolymer, and PEI, with the addition of bentonite as a filler, was formulated. The influence of the gelant formulation and reservoir conditions on the gelation kinetics and final gel strength of the system was investigated through bottle tests and rheological tests. The addition of clay in the formulation increased the gelation time, thermal stability, and syneresis resistance, and slightly improved the final gel strength. Furthermore, samples prepared with polymer and PEI concentrations below 1 wt %, natural bentonite, and PEI with molecular weight of 70,000 kg/kmol and pH of 11: (i) presented good injectivity and propagation parameters (pseudoplastic behavior and viscosity ~25 mPa·s); (ii) showed suitable gelation times for near wellbore (~5 h) or far wellbore (~21 h) treatments; and (iii) formed strong composite hydrogels (equilibrium complex modulus ~10–20 Pa and Sydansk code G to H) with low syneresis and good long-term stability (~3 to 6 months) under harsh conditions. Therefore, the use of high-molecular-weight base polymer and low-cost clay as active filler seems promising to improve the cost-effectiveness of gelling systems for in-depth conformance treatments under harsh conditions of temperature and salinity/hardness.

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Bulk and rheological properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels for water shutoff treatment

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental study of polyacrylamide gel in close‐in well operation

Experimental study of polyacrylamide gel in close‐in well operation

Polyacrylamide hydrogel application in sand control with compressive strength testing

Gelation Kinetics of Hydrogels Based on Acrylamide–AMPS–NVP Terpolymer, Bentonite, and Polyethylenimine for Conformance Control of Oil Reservoirs

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