Building urban resilience and knowledge co-production in the face of weather hazards: flash floods in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Mexico)

Aguilar-Barajas, Ismael; Sisto, Nicholas P.; Ramírez, Aldo I.; Magaña, Víctor

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2019.05.021

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The urbanization of hydrological basins responds to the need for greater public space, for the development of economic and social activities [6,11,43,44]. In some countries like Mexico, urbanization and LUC frequently grow even faster than the population itself, in a development model that substitutes natural vegetation for waterproof materials that increase runoff [24,45,46] and reduces infiltration. This development model, along with insufficient drainage infrastructure, make cities more vulnerable to intense rains, particularly when they are located in the lower parts of basins where some ecosystem services of regulation have diminished significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The economic, social, and environmental cost of urban floods in Mexico is continuously growing [24,45,46,[50][51][52] and requires special attention with respect to civil protection policies. Between 1970 and 2015, floods have had negative effects in at least 65% of all municipalities in Mexico [53-55], but around 60% of them correspond to events along the coastal regions, particularly in states adjacent to of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean [53][54][55][56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 1970 and 2015, floods have had negative effects in at least 65% of all municipalities in Mexico [53-55], but around 60% of them correspond to events along the coastal regions, particularly in states adjacent to of the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean [53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. This is mainly related to the intensity of rains, but also to the level of deterioration of the natural landscapes [45]. The state of Veracruz, between the Sierra Madre and the Gulf of Mexico, is one of the rainiest regions of Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Urban Development in Risk of Floods in Veracruz, Mexico

2020

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Urban floods have adverse effects on the population and the economy, and they are increasing in frequency and magnitude. The State of Veracruz is the region of Mexico with the highest number of disasters, more than 50% of the total number nationwide, in the 1970–2015 period. During the 1990s, disasters in this region increased from 5 to 10 events per year, mostly in relation to intense rains and floods. This study analyzes the factors that increase the risk of urban floods in the regions: (i) the Pánuco River, (ii) the Papaloapan River, and (iii) the Coatzacoalcos River regions, combining hazard data and estimates of vulnerability factors. The 95th percentile of daily precipitation (P95) is used as a threshold of heavy rain, i.e., the natural hazard. Vulnerability is estimated in terms of the percentage of natural vegetation loss due to changes in land cover and land use in the hydrological basins and the expansion of the urban areas in the regions under study. The risk of flood was compared with records of flood events focusing on the low-frequency variations of risks and disaster activity. The trends in urban flood activity are related to the loss of natural vegetation and deterioration of the basins leading to a loss of infiltration, i.e., larger runoffs. Even when the intensity of precipitation in recent decades remains without clear trends, or shows negative tendencies in the number of intense events, the number of floods is higher mostly because of the deterioration of hydrologic basins. Therefore, the risk of flooding in the state of Veracruz is mainly related to environmental factors that result in vulnerability rather than changes in the trends of extreme precipitation activity. This result means that disaster risk reduction actions should be mainly related to rehabilitation of the basins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Urban Development in Risk of Floods in Veracruz, Mexico

2020

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“…End‐users may include residents, business owners, educators, developers, planners, regulators, resource managers, emergency management and public works personnel, and nongovernmental organizations. Previous research has clearly demonstrated that it is beneficial for end‐users to be involved in the development of flood risk management tools (Martini & Loat, ; Steinführer et al, ; Pasche et al, , Dawson et al, , Evers et al, , Maskrey et al, , DeLorme et al, , Aguilar‐Barajas et al, ). Additionally, it is important to recognize that end‐users not only include constituents whose behavior and actions will influence flood likelihood, exposure, and expected losses of flood events (for example, through preparedness and emergency response‐related decisions and through the establishment and enforcement of policies that guide planning and mitigation) but also those in the community with local knowledge and experience about flooding who are aware of site‐specific hazards and vulnerabilities and whose input into a co‐production process can improve the quality of flood hazard models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative Modeling With Fine‐Resolution Data Enhances Flood Awareness, Minimizes Differences in Flood Perception, and Produces Actionable Flood Maps

et al. 2020

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Existing needs to manage flood risk in the United States are underserved by available flood hazard information. This contributes to an alarming escalation of flood impacts amounting to hundreds of billions of dollars per year and countless disrupted lives and affected communities. Making information about flood hazards useful for the range of decisions that dictate the consequences of flooding poses many challenges. Here, we describe collaborative flood modeling, whereby researchers and end‐users at two coastal sites co‐develop fine‐resolution flood hazard models and maps responsive to decision‐making needs. We find, first of all, that resident perception and awareness of flooding are enhanced more by fine‐resolution depth contour maps than Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood hazard classification maps and that viewing fine‐resolution depth contour maps helps to minimize differences in flood perception across subgroups within the community, generating a shared understanding. We also find that collaborative flood modeling supports the engagement of a wide range of end‐users in contemplating the risks of flooding and provides strong evidence that the co‐produced knowledge can be readily adopted and applied for Flood Risk Management (FRM). Overall, collaborative flood modeling advances FRM by providing multiple points of entry for diverse groups of end‐users to contemplate the spatial extent, intensity, timing, chance, and consequences of flooding, thus enabling the web of decision‐making related to flooding to be better informed with the best available science. This transdisciplinary approach emphasizes vulnerability reduction and is complementary to FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps used for flood insurance administration.

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“…The topic of human responses covers several types of measures for cities and their residents to respond to wind hazards, especially to hurricanes. First, cities respond to hazards through evaluating risks, reducing vulnerabilities, and building resilience [161][162][163][164][165]. Second, estimates on total death during or after hurricanes are made to help provide adequate support to vulnerable populations [166,167].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Wind disasters adaptation in cities in a changing climate: A systematic review

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Wind-related disasters will bring more devastating consequences to cities in the future with a changing climate, but relevant studies have so far provided insufficient information to guide adaptation actions. This study aims to provide an in-depth elaboration of the contents discussed in open access literature regarding wind disaster adaptation in cities. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to refine topics and main contents based on 232 publications (1900 to 2019) extracted from Web of Science and Scopus. We conducted a full-text analysis to filter out focal cities along with their adaptation measures. The results show that wind disaster adaptation research in cities has formed a systematic framework in four aspects: 1) vulnerability and resilience of cities, 2) damage evaluation, 3) response and recovery, and 4) health impacts of wind disaster. Climate change is the background for many articles discussing vulnerability and adaptation in coastal areas. It is also embedded in damage evaluation since it has the potential to exacerbate disaster consequences. The literature is strongly inclined towards more developed cities such as New York City and New Orleans, among which New York City associated with Hurricane Sandy ranks first (38/232). Studies on New York City cover all the aspects, including the health impacts of wind disasters which are significantly less studied now. Distinct differences do exist in the number of measures regarding the adaptation categories and their subcategories. We also find that hard adaptation measures (i.e., structural and physical measures) are far more popular than soft adaptation measures (i.e., social and institutional measures). Our findings suggest that policymakers should pay more attention to cities that have experienced major wind disasters other than New York. They should embrace the up-to-date climate change study to defend short-term disasters and take precautions against long-term changes. They should also develop hard-soft hybrid adaptation measures, with special attention on the soft side, and enhance the health impact study of wind-related disasters.

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Building urban resilience and knowledge co-production in the face of weather hazards: flash floods in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Mexico)

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Urban Development in Risk of Floods in Veracruz, Mexico

Effect of Urban Development in Risk of Floods in Veracruz, Mexico

Collaborative Modeling With Fine‐Resolution Data Enhances Flood Awareness, Minimizes Differences in Flood Perception, and Produces Actionable Flood Maps

Wind disasters adaptation in cities in a changing climate: A systematic review

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