Building the world's longest heated pipeline a technology application review

Chakkalakal, Franco; Hamill, Marty; Beres, Jim

doi:10.1109/pcicon.2014.6961915

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Continuous heating technologies, such as the skin-effect electrical heating system used in the Mangala pipeline also require significant infrastructures (e.g. auxiliary gas pipeline, power generation stations, special pipeline design) [8]. Once installed, these options are difficult to retrofit (e.g.…”

Section: Retrofit Heating Strategy and Requirements Of Potential Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the flexibility of pipeline infrastructure to cope with heavy oils: Incremental thermal retrofit

Díaz-Bejarano

Porsin

Macchietto

2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Pipelines that were well designed for conventional oils may not be able to cope with a transition to heavy oils without some retrofit adaptation, as the increased pressure drop may exceed constraints and force some reduction in throughput. In this paper, ways of enhancing the utilization of existing, capital intensive infrastructure by small, incremental additions are explored. A thermo-hydraulic pipeline model for a buried pipeline is presented. The model is then applied to a case study involving a section of the important, recently built Russia-China ESPO pipeline, for which a gradual shift from the current (design) light oil to heavier oils is considered. A number of thermal retrofit scenarios are proposed and assessed which involve the incremental supply of additional heat at selected points. These scenarios go from pre-heating of the oil at entrance to use of single and multiple intermediate heating stations. The heating duty requirements for each case are calculated. The results show that a careful use of such thermal management techniques can significantly mitigate the reduction in throughput that would

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Section: Retrofit Heating Strategy and Requirements Of Potential Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…insulation layer, burial) and, in most cases, reheating at later locations. Examples of existing heated pipelines are Alyeska in Alaska [3], Chad-Cameroon [6,7] (both with heating at pumping stations) and Mangala in India (with continuous heating along the entire length of the pipeline) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%