Abstract:Pipelines that were well designed for conventional oils may not be able to cope with a transition to heavy oils without some retrofit adaptation, as the increased pressure drop may exceed constraints and force some reduction in throughput. In this paper, ways of enhancing the utilization of existing, capital intensive infrastructure by small, incremental additions are explored. A thermo-hydraulic pipeline model for a buried pipeline is presented. The model is then applied to a case study involving a section of… Show more
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