Abstract:Abstract:The vulnerability of the urban residential sector is likely to increase without the mitigation of growing household Ecological Footprints (energy demand, CO 2 emissions, and demand for land). Analysis comparing the effectiveness and robustness of policy to mitigate the size of the housing Ecological Footprint has been limited. Here, we investigate three mitigation options: (1) reducing housing floor area, (2) improving the building envelope efficiency, and (3) reducing the carbon intensity of the elec… Show more
“…In addition to summarizing the breadth of research that underpins the proposition of this article that an integrated model of the URT and the HNCT can help urban centers to respond to the challenges of climate change and declining human health, Tables A1-A3 also provide evidence that supports the global applicability of that proposition. From the outset, this project was structured to avoid a Euro or Western centric filter, which was aided by the scholarship regarding urban centers reporting the globalization of Western approaches to urban development for creating cities to accommodate increasingly urbanized human populations [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], (Tables A1-A3).…”
Section: Methods and Applicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Application of the teachings and direction of URT in this context supports the implementation of renewable energy sources in conjunction with new technology that proves successful in reducing emissions. Carbon emissions, a large proportion of the waste from traditional energy production, negatively impacts human health in urban centers in directly through the effects of climate change and directly through exposure to atmospheric contaminants [44,45]. Regarding the direct exposure to atmospheric contaminants, energy related emissions reducing air quality precipitates an estimated 3.4 million pre-mature deaths, globally, each year [78] from disease mechanisms linked to adverse respiratory health conditions and cancers [46,47].…”
Demand for resources and changing structures of human settlements arising from population growth are impacting via the twin crises of anthropogenic climate change and declining human health. Informed by documentary research, this article explores how Urban Resilience Theory (URT) and Human-Nature Connection Theory (HNCT) can inform urban development that leverages urban green infrastructure (UGI) to mitigate and meditate these two crises. The findings of this article are that UGI can be the foundation for action to reduce the severity and impact of those crises and progress inclusive and sustainable community planning and urban development. In summary, the URT promotes improvement in policy and planning frameworks, risk reduction techniques, adaptation strategies, disaster recovery mechanisms, environmentally sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel energy, the building of social capital, and integration of ecologically sustainable UGI. Further, the HNCT advocates pro-environmental behaviors to increase the amount and accessibility of quality remnant and restored UGI to realize the human health benefits provided by nature, while simultaneously enhancing the ecological diversity and health of indigenous ecosystems. The synthesis of this article postulates that realizing the combined potential of URT and HNCT is essential to deliver healthy urban settlements that accommodate projected urban population growth towards the end of the 21st-century.
“…In addition to summarizing the breadth of research that underpins the proposition of this article that an integrated model of the URT and the HNCT can help urban centers to respond to the challenges of climate change and declining human health, Tables A1-A3 also provide evidence that supports the global applicability of that proposition. From the outset, this project was structured to avoid a Euro or Western centric filter, which was aided by the scholarship regarding urban centers reporting the globalization of Western approaches to urban development for creating cities to accommodate increasingly urbanized human populations [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], (Tables A1-A3).…”
Section: Methods and Applicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Application of the teachings and direction of URT in this context supports the implementation of renewable energy sources in conjunction with new technology that proves successful in reducing emissions. Carbon emissions, a large proportion of the waste from traditional energy production, negatively impacts human health in urban centers in directly through the effects of climate change and directly through exposure to atmospheric contaminants [44,45]. Regarding the direct exposure to atmospheric contaminants, energy related emissions reducing air quality precipitates an estimated 3.4 million pre-mature deaths, globally, each year [78] from disease mechanisms linked to adverse respiratory health conditions and cancers [46,47].…”
Demand for resources and changing structures of human settlements arising from population growth are impacting via the twin crises of anthropogenic climate change and declining human health. Informed by documentary research, this article explores how Urban Resilience Theory (URT) and Human-Nature Connection Theory (HNCT) can inform urban development that leverages urban green infrastructure (UGI) to mitigate and meditate these two crises. The findings of this article are that UGI can be the foundation for action to reduce the severity and impact of those crises and progress inclusive and sustainable community planning and urban development. In summary, the URT promotes improvement in policy and planning frameworks, risk reduction techniques, adaptation strategies, disaster recovery mechanisms, environmentally sustainable alternatives to fossil fuel energy, the building of social capital, and integration of ecologically sustainable UGI. Further, the HNCT advocates pro-environmental behaviors to increase the amount and accessibility of quality remnant and restored UGI to realize the human health benefits provided by nature, while simultaneously enhancing the ecological diversity and health of indigenous ecosystems. The synthesis of this article postulates that realizing the combined potential of URT and HNCT is essential to deliver healthy urban settlements that accommodate projected urban population growth towards the end of the 21st-century.
“…Urbanisation and the rapidly increasing number of residential buildings in Indonesia (69,439 buildings in 2020) is a substantial contributor to human forced global heating [5]. In 2021, total direct and indirect emissions from the building sector was estimated at 13.6 Gt CO 2 , representing around 37% of global carbon emissions and 34% of final energy demand [6]. The Global Buildings Performance Network (GBPN) is working to tackle climate change, and they report that the building sector is responsible for 35% of the world's total energy consumption, where 55% of all electricity consumption is due to building operations, which contributes nearly 40% of global carbon emissions [7].…”
This paper reports on modelling outcomes for improvements to building energy performance in Indonesia. Long-term climate effects due to building energy demand and carbon emissions are also considered. The global change assessment model (GCAM) was used to generate the related end-user building energy data, including socioeconomics, for urban areas of Indonesia. As a comprehensive study, the total life cycle of carbon in the building sector and the concept of zero-carbon buildings, including energy efficiency, zero-emissions electricity and fuel-switching options, were considered. Building shell conductance (U-value) of the building envelope, floor area ratio (FAR), air conditioner (AC) efficiency, electrical appliance (APL) efficiency, rooftop photovoltaic (PV) performance and ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems were considered as parameters to mitigate carbon emissions under the operational energy category in the GCAM. Carbon mitigation associated with the cement production process was considered in the raw material category. Urban population and labour productivity in Indonesia were used as base inputs with projected growth rates to 2050 determined from the available literature. Low growth rate ‘LowRate’ and high growth rate ‘HighRate’ were considered as variable inputs for U-value, FAR, AC efficiency, APLs efficiency and PV capacity factor to model emissions mitigation. The energy consumption of the GSHP was compared to the conventional reverse cycle ACs to identify the potential of the GSHP as a fuel-switching option. In the GCAM, the benchmark (base case scenario) data set was generated based on input parameters (urban population and labour productivity rate) only for the residential building sector in Indonesia. Total potential carbon emissions mitigation was found to be 432 Mt CO2-e for the residential building sector in Indonesia over 2020–2050. It was found that an average of 24% carbon emissions mitigation could be achieved by 2020–2030 and 76% by 2031–2050.
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