We offer a simulation of low-carbon electricity supply for Australia, based on currently and economically operating technologies and proven resources, contributing new knowledge by: featuring a GIS-based spatial optimisation process for identifying suitable generator locations; including expanded transmission networks; covering the entire continent; and investigating the significance of biofuels availability and carbon price. We find that nationwide low-carbon electricity supply is possible at about 160 GW installed capacity, at indicative cost of around 20 ¢/kW h, involving wind, concentrating solar, and PV utilities, and less than 20 TW h of biofuelled generation. Dispatchable hydro and biofuel plants are required to plug gaps caused by occasional low-resource periods. Technology and cost breakthroughs for storage, geothermal and ocean technologies, as well as offshore wind deployment would substantially alter our assessment.

No abstract

No abstract

Tuning Process in Europe (Socrates-Tempus, n.d.) and the Australian Qualifications Framework (Australian Qualifications Framework Council, 2013), require universities to demonstrate that students are assessed for generic skills such as the ability to transmit information to others. In Australia, for example, masters by research students are required to have "communication and technical skills to present a coherent and sustained argument and to disseminate research results to specialist and non-specialist audiences" (Australian Qualifications Framework Council, 2013, p. 60). Oral communication assessment tasks are critical for increasing the proficiency of students to communicate effectively and for the university to be able to demonstrate student support in achieving these types of essential graduate attributes.

No abstract