Building knowledge city in transformation era: Knowledge‐based urban development in Beijing in the context of globalisation and decentralisation

Abstract

This study examines knowledge‐based urban development in Beijing with the objective of revealing the impact of the ‘synergetic’ forces of globalisation and local government intervention on knowledge‐based urban development in the context of the coexisting processes of globalisation and decentralisation. The findings in this paper show that due to the rapid growth of the cultural industry sector, knowledge‐based urban development has created various kinds of ‘cultural industry clustered areas’, which were recently promoted by the 2008 Olympic Games. ‘Synergetic’ global and local forces are leading knowledge‐based urban development, with the emergence of a local coalition regime in which local government manages local development, considered as ‘enterprises’ in the decentralisation process, while the State retains a significant influence on knowledge‐based urban development. The central and municipal governments tend to emphasise strategies to ‘facilitate the climate for growth’ rather than the centrally planned control they exerted prior to the 1980s.

O Estereótipo Smart City No Brasil E Sua Relação Com O Meio Urbano

“…O desenvolvimento de computadores em rede, por exemplo, gerou uma situação de certa independência dos meios de transporte por exemplo, a partir da criação de postos de trabalho à distância (teleworking) e de custos de operações relativamente baixos. A cidade que se construía neste contexto recebia a denominação de "Cidade Informacional", e, quando a informação passava a ser compreendida como meio para diversificação e criatividade na economia, era comum a utilização do termo "Cidade do Conhecimento" (ZHAO, 2010). Esses conceitos foram bastante aproveitados pela indústria do entretenimento que, em meados dos anos 1990 e 2000, criou jogos de simulação 162 da realidade urbana -como Second Life e The Sims -com possibilidades de interação de pessoas em formato de avatares e com atividades semelhantes às realizadas no cotidiano.…”

Cultural and creative clusters – a systematic literature review and a renewed research agenda

“…Some papers (Montgomery, 1995(Montgomery, , 2003(Montgomery, , 2004Evans, 2009b;Markusen and Gadwa, 2010) offer more systematic overview of CCC policies or their use in fostering cultural, economic and urban planning development with some effort at classification and theorisation, emphasising some specific issues. Other authors either describe or examine particular initiatives by looking at single case studies (Newman and Smith, 2000;De Franz, 2005;Mc Carthy, 2005;Bayliss, 2007;Porter and Barber, 2007;Cartier, 2008;Mizzau and Montanari, 2008;Sabate and Toroni, 2008;Catungal et al, 2009;Gwee, 2009;Ponzini, 2009Ponzini, , 2011O'Connor and Gu, 2010;Wansborough et al, 2010;Zheng, 2010;and Zhao, 2010) or comparative case studies (Montgomery, 2004;Hemphil et al, 2004;Mc Carthy, 2005 and2006a) with various degrees of theorisation.…”

“…Finally, a number of papers study the development of cultural/creative quarter, district and cluster in Beijing (Currier 2008;Zhao, 2010) and Shanghai (Zheng, 2010) in China, and in Singapore (Gwee, 2009). Interestingly, these papers demonstrate some similarities in the way some of these organic initiatives emerged and are then supported by policy makers but may lead to some distinctive redevelopment processes, notably in terms of gentrification as discussed above (Currier, 2008).…”

Knowledge-based urban development of cross-border twin cities

“…Moreover, the existing empirical exercises on KBUD seem to be based on national/regional data availability and have been carried out on an ad-hoc manner. This is due to the fact that not all the data one can gather for world cities will be available or suitable when moving between different national contexts -for example, whereas in Finland cities enjoy greater autonomy when it comes to formulating KBUD policies (Yigitcanlar et al, 2015), in China the state has retained its significant role in KBUD of individual city regions (Zhao, 2010) -and to smaller urban settings (Yigitcanlar et al, 2015). This seems to apply particularly to the dimension of institutional development.…”