Building Island Resilience through the Energy, Water, Food Nexus

Daw, Jennifer; Stout, Sherry

doi:10.2172/1569216

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Black sky events are the most critical occurrence that countries must deal with as part of their resiliency process. Energy, water and food systems are interconnected within nodes: energy is required to purify and distribute water and to cultivate and transport crops; water is needed to operate and maintain power systems and irrigate crops; food or land is required to generate energy and impacts the water quality and availability (Daw and Stout, 2019). Existing water, energy and food management models provided in the literature are concerned with better management of water, energy and food resources or systems in the context of local geography, climate, economy, resource demand or government goals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in most parts of island territories, energy systems are fragile and vulnerable to natural disasters, and different programs from international organisations are aware of providing resilient management tools for saving lives under these conditions (Schweikert et al. , 2019; Daw and Stout, 2019). In island territories, reaching out to communities in rural and distant areas after a natural disaster is a challenge, and the development of network systems between the affected actors is vital to enhance resilience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these economies are net importers of food and therefore depend on the stability of the domestic FSC and its ability to maintain supply chain nodes efficiently and effectively during disruptive events (Orengo-Serra and Sanchez-Jauregui, 2022; Pelling and Uitto, 2001). Moreover, in most parts of island territories, energy systems are fragile and vulnerable to natural disasters, and different programs from international organisations are aware of providing resilient management tools for saving lives under these conditions (Schweikert et al, 2019;Daw and Stout, 2019). In island territories, reaching out to communities in rural and distant areas after a natural disaster is a challenge, and the development of network systems between the affected actors is vital to enhance resilience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fiona hit just two days before the anniversary of Hurricane Maria, a devastating Category 4 storm that struck on September 20, 2017 and destroyed the island's power grid (Coto, 2022). Hurricane Maria is a descriptive example of a Black-sky event: over one-third of Puerto Rico's residents remained without power for more than five months after the 5-category hurricane, and power energy was not completely restored for 11 months (Daw and Stout, 2019). Communication with the rural and central areas of the island had been practically cut off along with power outage for months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoting a resilient food supply chain model facing disruptions associated with black sky hazards

Orengo-Serra

Sánchez-Jauregui

2023

CRR

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PurposeThis study explores how small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food industry in Puerto Rico can enhance resilience to cope with critical infrastructure (CI) collapse due to natural disasters. This study aims to validate the food supply chain (FSC) resilience model for SMEs in rural areas.Design/methodology/approachThis study used qualitative in-depth interviews to gather data and a coding process for the analysis. The participants were members of the FSC located in the municipality of Adjuntas and nearby towns in Puerto Rico. For this study, the sample participants selected to conduct the interviews were the farmers, producers and retailers.FindingsThe results show the importance of local CI backup, networks and flexibility among FSC members in alternating supply chain logistics and distribution. Other transportation modes include drone pilots, aerial and land, facilities to transport and deliver merchandise and positioning farmers and producers as important players in the FSC.Originality/valueA modified FSC resilience model from previous research is presented to include SMEs located in highly vulnerable remote zones, where access to resources is limited after a disruptive event, and a typology of enterprises with local CI backup according to their level of adoption of resilient practices. This study contributes to enhancing resilience and mitigating the vulnerabilities of SMEs after the CI collapses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoting a resilient food supply chain model facing disruptions associated with black sky hazards

Orengo-Serra

Sánchez-Jauregui

2023

CRR

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The Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on the Networks

Domingo

Marcos

Miralles

2020

Transmission Expansion Planning: The Network Challenges of the Energy Transition

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Leveraging Green Ammonia for Resilient and Cost-Competitive Islanded Electricity Generation from Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic–Wind Farms: A Case Study in South Africa

Sagel,

Rouwenhorst,

Faria

2023

Energy Fuels

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Hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation in combination with green ammonia as a seasonal energy storage vector offers an excellent opportunity to decrease the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). In this work, an analysis is performed to find the most cost-effective configuration of powerto-ammonia-to-power (P2A2P). In P2A2P, wind and solar resources are combined with energy storage to design a resilient electricity grid. For daily generation, batteries are utilized for energy storage, whereas ammonia is employed to cope with seasonal fluctuations. The costs of energy storage capacity have a significant influence on the LCOE. Therefore, this work studies the effect of solar/wind hybrid generation systems and energy storage capacity on the LCOE. A base case of the region of De Aar in South Africa was selected because this inland location has excellent wind and solar resources. The optimized battolyzer and Haber−Bosch design capacity led to an overall load factor of 20− 30%. At a 30% load factor, a hybrid system with 37% wind-based and 63% solar-based energy generation capacity was the most costeffective configuration, resulting in a LCOE of 0.15 USD/kWh at a 5% annual discount rate. In an optimistic scenario for PV costs, the LCOE achieved is essentially unaltered (0.14 USD/kWh), while the contribution of wind and PV changes to 25 and 75%, respectively. This analysis indicates that appropriate designing of hybrid energy solutions will play a key role in determining the final energy storage capacities needed to reduce the LCOE. While these costs for LCOE are above those reported for coal-powered electricity in South Africa (e.g., 0.072 USD/kWh for businesses and 0.151 USD/kWh for households), a carbon tax of 50 USD/ton of CO 2 can increase these costs to 0.102 and 0.191 USD/kWh, rendering a more promising outlook for the P2A2P concept.

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Building Island Resilience through the Energy, Water, Food Nexus

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Promoting a resilient food supply chain model facing disruptions associated with black sky hazards

Promoting a resilient food supply chain model facing disruptions associated with black sky hazards

The Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on the Networks

Leveraging Green Ammonia for Resilient and Cost-Competitive Islanded Electricity Generation from Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic–Wind Farms: A Case Study in South Africa

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