Building energy models and assessment systems at the district and city scales: a review

Bourdic, Loeiz; Salat, Serge

doi:10.1080/09613218.2012.690951

Cited by 57 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For this type of models, typically building-scale methods and models are directly scaled up to multiple buildings with little or no modifications. However, the switch from building-scale to district-scale is not just the simple aggregation of buildings due to the complex interactions within the urban fabric [12]. Physical properties such as building design, district layout and the local microclimate influence the energy demand of a district as well as occupancy-related properties like building indoor conditions and socioeconomic factors [13].…”

Section: From Building-scale To Urban-scale Energy Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way SOB implements strategy 2 (distinct models) for inter-individual diversity in presence and HVAC use behavior among persons of the same type. The energy demand of 12 Full time employed, part time employed, unemployed, retired, and minor. 13 The patterns were clustered from the Belgian TUS data by Aerts [115].…”

Section: Stochastic Person-based Approaches With Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on occupant behavior in urban building energy models

Happle

Fonseca

Schlueter

2018

Energy and Buildings

161

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Urban building energy models aspire to become key planning tools for the holistic optimization of buildings, urban design, and energy systems in neighborhoods and districts. The energy demand of buildings is largely influenced by the behavior of the occupants. The insufficient consideration of occupant behavior is one of the causes to the "performance gap" in buildings -the difference between the simulated and the actually observed energy consumption. On the urban-scale impacts of different occupant behavior modeling approaches onto the various purposes of urban building energy models are still largely unknown. Research shows that the inappropriate choice of occupant behavior model could result in oversized district energy systems, leading to over-investment and low operational efficiency. This work therefore reviews urban building energy models in terms of their occupant behavior modeling approaches. Three categories of approaches are established and discussed: (1) deterministic space-based approaches, (2) stochastic space-based approaches, and (3) stochastic person-based approaches. They are further assessed in terms of their strategy to consider diversity in occupant behavior. Stochastic models, especially stochastic person-based models, seem to be superior to deterministic models. However, there are no stochastic models available yet that can be used for case studies of mixed-districts, comprising buildings of various occupancy types. In the reviewed urban-scale approaches, only single-use residential or office districts are modeled with stochastic techniques. However, people interact with various buildings on a daily basis. Their activities relate to their presence in different spaces at the urban-scale and to their use of appliances in those spaces. Their individual levels of comfort and behavioral patterns govern the control actions towards building systems. Therefore, a novel activity-based multi-agent approach for urban occupant behavior modeling is proposed as alternative to current approaches.Keywords: urban building energy model, energy-related occupant behavior, occupancy, occupant behavior model IntroductionUrban areas house more than half of the global population and cities are responsible for more than 70% of the global carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, cities are crucial actors in the transition towards sustainable energy Email address: happle@arch.ethz.ch (Gabriel Happle)

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Section: From Building-scale To Urban-scale Energy Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stochastic Person-based Approaches With Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on occupant behavior in urban building energy models

Happle

Fonseca

Schlueter

2018

Energy and Buildings

161

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“…While energy planning was mainly focusing on the middle two, practice has recently changed from building assessment and modelling to a wider scale that looks at communities and the interaction between all four factors (Petersen, 2013), (Sharifi;Murayama, 2014). After (Bourdic;Salat, 2012), energy-environment models and morphologic models are most commonly used for energy planning on community scale. While morphologic models use intermediate scales of aggregation, which allow insights on the wider urban scale, they are too unprecise and don't take the user into account, whereas energy-environment models have advantages in their usability.…”

Section: Current State Of Community Energy Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy concepts for self-supplying communities based on local and renewable energy sources: A case study from northern Germany

Petersen

2016

Sustainable Cities and Society

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“…Such labels highlight the distinct concepts of cities, promoting the characteristics defined by their form, the political and economic structure, social and cultural aspects, and environmental and technological aspects. The above concepts, relating to the characteristics and city definitions, are associated with strategies to reduce urban sprawl, promote better use of existing infrastructure and services -also communication between the places of residence and employment and concentration of services [16]. Population growth and increasing urbanization are causing a number of technical, social, economic and organizational problems, that threaten sustainable economic and environmental development of cities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for new development in areas of the city

et al. 2018

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The reason of shaping and building cities is primarily to improve the quality of life of inhabitants. Changes in space in cities concern not only their basic functioning principles but also the transformation of structures and systems (green areas, communications andother). Regardless, spatial policy is based on the continuous search for new services and economic activity to raise standards. The article describes a study which makes an attempt to identify the main desired features that can be taken into account while formulating concepts for planning and designing a prospective city. The study was intended to analyze terms promoted in literature or labels of a desired city, that shape the aspirations of future inhabitants. The city's image-building activities concern the future measured in economic, social and environmental effects. Modelling the future potential concepts of a city development as part of planning for its development, is one of the ways of thinking about the future. Using mathematical and spatial models for this purpose, we acquire knowledge on the possible variants of the city development, as well as measurable effects of this type of phenomena

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Building energy models and assessment systems at the district and city scales: a review

Cited by 57 publications

References 15 publications

A review on occupant behavior in urban building energy models

A review on occupant behavior in urban building energy models

Energy concepts for self-supplying communities based on local and renewable energy sources: A case study from northern Germany

Searching for new development in areas of the city

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