Building-Based Analysis of the Spatial Provision of Urban Parks in Shenzhen, China

Gao, Wenxiu; Liu, Qiang; Fan, Xiang; Yang, Xiaochun; Liu, Jiangtao; Zhang, Xirui

doi:10.3390/ijerph14121521

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For quantity, studies in Chinese cities show more cases of inequity-high-SES people have higher quantities of green space than low-SES [75,76,78,81,93,95,98,99,102,104]-than equity [12,82] or mixed findings [45,74]. Studies in other Asian cities such as Sheikhupura, Pakistan [69], Tehran, Iran [71,84], and Hamadan, Iran [46] also found inequitable results for green space quantity.…”

Section: Results: Do Inequities In the Global South Vary Based On Geomentioning

confidence: 98%

Access to Urban Green Space in Cities of the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2018

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This review examines disparities in access to urban green space (UGS) based on socioeconomic status (SES) and race-ethnicity in Global South cities. It was motivated by documented human health and ecosystem services benefits of UGS in Global South countries and UGS planning barriers in rapidly urbanizing cities. Additionally, another review of Global North UGS studies uncovered that high-SES and White people have access to a higher quantity of higher quality UGSs than low-SES and racial-ethnic minority people but that no clear differences exist regarding who lives closer to UGS. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to uncover (1) whether UGS inequities in Global North cities are evident in Global South cities and (2) whether inequities in the Global South vary between continents. Through the PRISMA approach and five inclusion criteria, we identified 46 peer-reviewed articles that measured SES or racial-ethnic disparities in access to UGS in Global South cities. We found inequities for UGS quantity (high-SES people are advantaged in 85% of cases) and UGS proximity (74% of cases). Inequities were less consistent for UGS quality (65% of cases). We also found that UGS inequities were consistent across African, Asian, and Latin American cities. These findings suggest that Global South cities experience similar inequities in UGS quantity and quality as Global North cities, but that the former also face inequities in UGS proximity.

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Section: Results: Do Inequities In the Global South Vary Based On Geomentioning

confidence: 98%

Access to Urban Green Space in Cities of the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2018

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“…At the community park level, the distribution of underserved communities is scattered throughout the whole city, but clustered at the city park level. The disparity analysis showed that the mismatch between park provision and demand population is better in core districts (Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, and Yantian) than that in non-core districts [76]. Communities, which suffer from a severe shortage of park service provision due to the high population density as well as the low spatial accessibility, were located in Songgang, Shajing, Fuyong, Xixiang, and Xin’an in Bao’an District; Gongming in Guangming District; Guanlan and Longhua in Longhua District; and Pinghu, Bantian, and Buji in Longgang District.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Spatial Accessibility to Hierarchical Urban Parks by Multi-Types of Travel Distance in Shenzhen, China

Ren

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Urban green spaces play a critical role in public health and human wellbeing for urban residents. Due to the uneven spatial distribution of urban green spaces in most of cities, the issue of the disparity between supply and demand has aroused public concern. In a case of Shenzhen, a modified Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method is adopted to evaluate the disparity between park provision and the demanders in terms of accessibility at hierarchical levels under four types of distance (e.g., Euclidean distance, walking distance, bicycling distance, and driving distance), which is well aligned with hierarchical systems in urban green spaces in urban planning practice. By contrast and correlation analysis, among the four types of distance, the statistical correlations are relatively high between Euclidean distance and the other three. Nonetheless, the pattern of spatial accessibility under different type of travel distance is apparently variant. Accessibility calculated by Euclidean distance is overestimated relative to that of the other three, while the pattern of walking distance and bicycling distance is similar to each other. The choice of type of distance is worthy of caution when evaluating spatial accessibility by 2SFCA method. Results show that the accessibility to parks at all hierarchical levels is high particularly, particularly at the natural level. However, the disparity between the supply and demand is significant. The percentage of communities that have high population density but low park accessibility is over 40% (equivalent to approximately 55% of the population). The finding may provide implications on access to urban greens paces for urban planners and authorities to develop effective planning strategies.

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“…Any attempt to statistically evaluate the strength of association between urban elements and PM 2.5 pollution will be complicated by a range of confounding factors (7), thus data screening should be undertaken in studies of daily PM 2.5 concentrations to screen for specific pollution events (11,13,38). Figure 1 shows the distribution of PM 2.5 concentration increase per hour from UTC+7 time zone to UTC+9 time zone 1 http://106.37.208.233:20035/ for a total of 283 cities (Karamay and Urumqi, the only two cities in UTC+6 time zone are not considered) (The detailed average hourly trends of PM 2.5 concentration in each city are shown in Figure S1). In most cities, PM 2.5 concentration exhibits a bimodal pattern of changing rhythms, peaking around dawn and dusk, relatively stable at night.…”

Section: Research Design Dependent Variable: Pm 25 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rapid urbanization and economic development, urban greening has become an urban livability standard and important symbol of residents' well-being ( 1 ). How to achieve a win-win situation for environmental protection and urban development has long been controversial for policymakers ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Urban Greening on Incremental PM2.5 Concentration During Peak Hours

Wang

Cheng

2020

Front. Public Health

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In China, severe haze is a major public health concern affecting residents' health and well-being. This study used hourly air quality monitoring data from 285 cities in China to analyze the effect of green coverage (GC) and other economic variables on the incremental PM 2.5 concentration (ΔPM 2.5 ) during peak hours. To detect possible non-linear and interaction effect between predictive variables, a kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) model was used for empirical analysis. The results show that there was considerable heterogeneity between cities regarding marginal effect of GC on ΔPM 2.5 , which could potentially be explained by different seasons, latitude, urban maintenance expenditure (UE), real GDP per capita (PG), and population density (PD). Also described in this study, in cities with high UE, the growth of GC, PG, and PD always remain a positive impact on mitigation of haze pollution. This shows that government expenditure on urban maintenance can reduce or mitigate the environmental pollution from economic development. In addition, the influence of other urban elements on air quality had also been analyzed so that different combinations of mitigation policies are proposed for different regions in this study to meet the mitigation targets.

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Building-Based Analysis of the Spatial Provision of Urban Parks in Shenzhen, China

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Access to Urban Green Space in Cities of the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review

Access to Urban Green Space in Cities of the Global South: A Systematic Literature Review

Assessing Spatial Accessibility to Hierarchical Urban Parks by Multi-Types of Travel Distance in Shenzhen, China

Effect of Urban Greening on Incremental PM2.5 Concentration During Peak Hours

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