Even before the global shock of 9/11, policing had become more global and less local in nature. This is evident in new macrolevel theorizing (i.e., Bayley & Shearing, 2001) about global policing developments conceptualized as part of broad social, political, and cultural processes such as postmodernity, globalization, governmentality, neoliberalism, managerialism, pluralization, and privatization. It is also evident in the sudden importance of global policing phenomena such as the growth of transnational policing efforts to fight international crime and, now, global terrorism; the increasing coordination and integration of national police agencies; the spread of international police training; the use of police in international peacekeeping; dramatic police reform in Northern Ireland, eastern Europe, South Africa, Iraq, and so forth; transnational relationships between public and private policing; and the growing global integration of police, military, and security networks and regimes.However, a review of most police studies journals and texts suggests that police studies, at least in North America, remain focused almost exclusively on the public police and their activities in largely urban, domestic settings. Driven by government funding and urban policy concerns, most police studies are local in focus and are essentially strategic studies of police activities and responses. Local police studies are primarily aimed at refining established police techniques, organization, and operations. As the fundamental sociopolitical and institutional questions concerning the role, legitimacy, organization, and functions of public police have already been settled in most Western countries, an exclusive emphasis on police organization