Bryophytes in a changing landscape: The hierarchical effects of habitat fragmentation on ecological and evolutionary processes

Pharo, Emma J.; Zartman, Charles E.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.016

Cited by 95 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…Given the alarming rate of habitat destruction at a global scale, there is an urgent need to understand how species persist in highly dynamic habitats from both spatial and temporal perspectives (Stewart et al 2000;Hanski 2005;Pharo & Zartman 2007). Theoretical and empirical animals and plant studies have tried to elucidate how organisms use spatially distributed resources, and the consequences of resource distribution for population-level processes (Tilman & Kareiva 1997;Lancaster & Downes 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine spatial pattern of an epiphytic lichen species is affected by habitat conditions in two forest types in the Iberian Mediterranean region

et al. 2011

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, distance-dependent dispersal cannot be ignored (Walser 2004;Óckinger et al 2005;Pharo & Zartman 2007;Johansson 2008). A growing body of literature is devoted to assess the influence of the nearest tree distance on the dynamics of epiphytic populations (e.g., Gu et al 2001;Kalwij et al 2005;Snail et al 2005;Bolli et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine spatial pattern of an epiphytic lichen species is affected by habitat conditions in two forest types in the Iberian Mediterranean region

et al. 2011

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“…Patterns of floristic seedling composition and mortality suggest substantial influence of increased desiccation stress on IT seedling assemblages, which may greatly exceed the influence of dispersal constraints (compare Snäll et al 2003). Disentangling the roles of these diversity drivers in complex anthropogenic landscapes poses methodological difficulties that may have led to an overestimation of the role of dispersal limitation in epiphytes (Pharo and Zartman 2007;Werth et al 2007). Given that establishment constraints are a key for the prediction of future epiphyte communities, further studies on this matter will yield critical new insights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lack of bryophyte mats; Krömer and Gradstein 2003). The importance of dispersal constraints has been emphasised particularly in the ample literature on non-vascular epiphytes (Pharo and Zartman 2007). Where epiphyte assemblages survive initial disturbance, such as in moderately logged forest, forest fragments or on remnant trees, impoverishment should proceed gradually due to lowered survival of well-established plants or reduced establishment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling establishment of vascular epiphytes on isolated and enclosed forest trees in an Andean landscape, Ecuador

Werner

Gradstein

2008

Biodivers Conserv

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The impact of human disturbance on colonisation dynamics of vascular epiphytes is poorly known. We studied abundance, diversity and floristic composition of epiphyte seedling establishing on isolated and adjacent forest trees in a tropical montane landscape. All vascular epiphytes were removed from plots on the trunk bases of Piptocoma discolor. Newly established epiphyte seedlings were recorded after 2 years, and their survival after another year. Seedling density, total richness at family and genus level, and the number of families and genera per plot were significantly reduced on isolated trees relative to forest trees. Seedling assemblages on trunks of forest trees were dominated by hygrophytic understorey ferns, those on isolated trees by xerotolerant canopy taxa. Colonisation probability on isolated trees was significantly higher for plots closer to forest but not for plots with greater canopy or bryophyte cover. Seedling mortality on isolated trees was significantly higher for mesophytic than for xerotolerant taxa. Our results show that altered recruitment can explain the long-term impoverishment of post-juvenile epiphyte assemblages on isolated remnant trees. We attribute these changes to a combination of dispersal constraints and the harsher microclimate documented by measurements of temperature and humidity. Although isolated trees in anthropogenic landscapes are considered key structures for the maintenance of forest biodiversity in many aspects, our results show that their value for the conservation of epiphytes can be limited. We suggest that abiotic seedling requirements will increasingly constitute a bottleneck for the persistence of vascular epiphytes in the face of ongoing habitat alteration and atmospheric warming.

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“…Research on bryophytes in urban areas suggests that edge effects caused by forest fragmentation strongly decrease bryophyte diversity (Baldwin & Bradfield, 2007;Oishi, 2009;Pharo & Zartman, 2007); habitat heterogeneity, on the other hand, increases bryophyte diversity (Cole, Newmaster, Bell, Pitt, & Stinson, 2008;Gignac & Dale, 2005;Pharo & Zartman, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of urban green spaces on the conservation of bryophyte diversity: The special role of Japanese gardens

Oishi

2012

Landscape and Urban Planning

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Urban green spaces play a critical role in the maintenance of biodiversity in urban areas. However, bryophyte (moss) diversity in urban areas has received little attention. This study examined the role of urban green spaces in maintaining and enhancing bryophyte diversity.Four sites in Kanazawa City, northwestern Japan, were selected for the study based on differences in the utilization and maintenance practices: a Japanese garden, an urban park, a secondary forest, and a lawn. Bryophyte species richness and environmental characteristics were measured in sample plots 5 m in diameter (ca. 78.5 m 2 ) along transects spanning the length and width of each green space. Bryophyte species richness was especially high in the garden relative to that observed in the other green spaces. Multiple linear regression models determined that bryophyte species richness was significantly correlated with increased areas of water and rocks, increased areas of restricted entry, and the presence of maintenance practices; grass cover, on the other hand, was negatively correlated with bryophyte species richness. The results suggest that high bryophyte species richness in the gardens is related to the diversity of environments created by the design and maintenance practices for keeping the garden looking beautiful. These design and maintenance practices can be applied to the creation of green space for the conservation of bryophyte diversity. Furthermore, the placement of logs and creation of patches with lower maintenance intensity can enhance the conservation of bryophyte diversity.Keywords: biodiversity; urban area; design; maintenance; Japan Short author biographiesYoshitaka Oishi is Assistant Professor of Landscape Ecology at Shinshu University, Japan. He completed his PhD on bryophyte diversity conservation in urban areas, at Kyoto University in 2007. His main research interest is on the conservation and ecology of bryophytes. His recent work also focuses on environmental monitoring using bryophytes as bio-indicators. Research highlightsThe role of Japanese gardens in the conservation of bryophyte diversity was evaluated.Bryophyte species richness was compared in several types of urban green spaces. The bryophyte species richness was especially high in a Japanese garden. This result can be explained by design and maintenance practices in Japanese gardens. They enhance habitat diversity and substrates suitable for bryophyte growth.

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Bryophytes in a changing landscape: The hierarchical effects of habitat fragmentation on ecological and evolutionary processes

Cited by 95 publications

References 110 publications

Fine spatial pattern of an epiphytic lichen species is affected by habitat conditions in two forest types in the Iberian Mediterranean region

Fine spatial pattern of an epiphytic lichen species is affected by habitat conditions in two forest types in the Iberian Mediterranean region

Seedling establishment of vascular epiphytes on isolated and enclosed forest trees in an Andean landscape, Ecuador

Influence of urban green spaces on the conservation of bryophyte diversity: The special role of Japanese gardens

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