Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control

Ducrotoy, Marie J.; Bertu, Wilson J.; Matope, Gift; Cadmus, Simeon; Conde-Álvarez, Raquel; Gusi, Amahyel M.; Welburn, Susan C.; Ocholi, R. A.; Blasco, J.M.; Moriyón, Ignacio

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.023

Cited by 190 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Brucellosis is widespread and the prevalence of brucellosis varies from one country and region in Africa to the other [12]. In Nigeria, the infection has been reported in 24.1% of abattoir workers in Abuja, Nigeria with occupation and eating raw meat as risk factors [13].…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis with 500,000 new cases every year in humans and infections in millions of animals. This infection is mainly acquired by humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products from infected animals. Exposure can also occur occupationally in those who work closely with animals through contact with aborted fetuses and reproductive secretions. Animals acquire the infection from other infected animals through direct contact and vertical transmission. This infection is prevalent in all continents of the world except Antarctica, but its impact is more felt in developing countries where it is endemic in animals and humans. In certain developed countries where the disease was eradicated, there seem to be a re-emergence of the disease as the disease appears to claim more territory. The risk factors of the disease may vary from country to country and region to region, but most risk factors are similar. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products plays a very important role in the transmission of this infection from animals to humans, in addition to direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. The best way to control this ubiquitous infection is through the One Health approach which involves human health, animal health, and environmental health. This paper reviews the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries in various continents of the world and highlights the risk factors responsible for the persistence of this infection in animals and humans with a view to proffering solution to this age-old zoonosis that has defied eradication for many generations in many parts of the world.

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Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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“…The risk of Brucella infection is high in human which has close contact with their animals [8]. Igad Member Countries Sub-Saharan Africa poses a series of challenges that include necessary assessment of the prevalence brucellosis in humans and animals, and the influence of the various local epidemiological characteristic diseases [30]. In East African, brucellosis is reported in most of member countries and endemic with high economic loss and zoonoses [8,12].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Epidemiology of Camel and Human Brucellosis in East Africa, Igad Member Countries

Wakene¹,

Mamo²

2017

SJCM

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Camel production is expanding in pastoral areas of the Eat African region {IGAD member countries} as a result of recurrent drought and its less susceptibility to drought relative to other livestock. It is an important domestic animal and the source of milk during dry season. Camel brucellosis is prevalent in the region. From review high prevalence of human brucellosis is observed with prevalence ranging between 1 to 46.5%, 2.15 to 60%, 5.8 to 17% and 2.15 to 7.5% by ELISA, RBPT, SAT and CFT respectively; whereas 3.1 to 40.5%, 2 to 39.9% and 1.6 to 7.6% by ELISA, RBPT and CFT in camels respectively. It is transmissible from animal to humans, causing acute febrile illness, undulant fever (intermittent or remittent fever) which may persist for weeks or months accompanied by malaise, anorexia and prostration. Brucella species can enter mammalian hosts through skin abrasions or cuts, the conjunctiva, the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract and through reproductive tracts. It has economic importance and public health hazard particularly to pastoralist community because of a widespread traditional habit of consumption of raw animal products and close contact with livestock including camels. Since brucellosis has no effective treatment both in human and livestock; vaccination, hygiene and awareness creation are the best control and prevention strategies in the region. Therefore, the objective of the seminar paper was to review-the epidemiology of brucellosis in camel and human in East Africa with emphasis on Ethiopia.

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“…The presence of brucellosis in South Africa was first suspected in the late nineteenth century, although the first reliable veterinary report was by Gray in 1906 [16]. It is still present in the country today, with an estimated prevalence of 8 -10% and reported annual losses upwards of R300 million [8,17]. Although the global incidence is over half a million infections annually, human brucellosis is largely neglected in South Africa [29,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Brucellin Skin Test as an Additional Test to Control Bovine Brucellosis

Nyanhongo¹

2017

SOJMID

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Brucellosis is a bacterial disease of high veterinary importance, besides being a significant zoonosis worldwide. It is characterised by variable, and at times long and latent, incubation periods, which makes its control and eradication a challenging effort. No single test is able to identify all stages of the disease with high sensitivity. The brucellin skin test, which has been proved to identify some acute and chronic latent stages of brucellosis, has not been validated in South Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the brucellin skin test in brucellosis free, as well as confirmed infected cattle herds, under South African commercial farming conditions. The results indicate that the brucellin skin test has a high specificity (99.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 98.1% -99.7%)), and that despite a relatively low sensitivity (42.9 % (95% CI: 30.5% -56.0%)), it was able to identify all the infected herds and detect more infected heifers in infected herds when compared to the routinely used Rose Bengal Test and Complement Fixation Test. It was concluded that the brucellin skin test could be used in parallel with serological tests to improve the sensitivity of the current diagnostic strategy in chronically infected herds where eradication of the disease has proven problematic. Removal of more infected heifers would decrease infection pressure and streamline vaccination towards heifers not exposed to Brucella abortus.

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Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control

Cited by 190 publications

References 125 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Review on Epidemiology of Camel and Human Brucellosis in East Africa, Igad Member Countries

Evaluating the Brucellin Skin Test as an Additional Test to Control Bovine Brucellosis

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