Brucellosis in Elk I. Serologic and Bacteriologic Survey in Wyoming

Thorne, E. Tom; Morton, Jamie; Thomas, George

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-14.1.74

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…They were never subjected to the same scrutiny for validation as present day primary binding assays. As well, the data reported in the literature (Thorne et al, 1978;Davis et al, 1990;Nicoletti, 1992) suggests that no single test could be relied upon to definitively diagnose brucellosis in bison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Validation of the Fluorescence Polarization Assay and Comparison to Other Serological Assays for the Detection of Serum Antibodies to Brucella Abortus in Bison

Gall

Nielsen

Forbes

et al. 2000

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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A number of serological tests were compared for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in bison (Bison bison). The performance of the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in both the preliminary evaluation and a subsequent blind validation indicated that this test was the most suitable for serological diagnosis of brucellosis in bison. The sensitivity and specificity in the preliminary evaluation were 92.1% and 99.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in a subsequent blind study were 96.3% and 97.6%, respectively. In a double blind study conducted on bison vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19, the data suggests that the FPA can differentiate bison infected with B. abortus from bison vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19. Both the indirect immunoassay (IELISA) and the competitive immunoassay (CELISA) performed nearly as well as the FPA. The buffered antigen plate agglutination test (BPAT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) did not perform as well as the FPA, CELISA or the IELISA in both studies. The FPA is a homogeneous assay eliminating the washing steps and reducing incubation to minutes rather than hours saving on time, equipment, materials, reagents and cost. These attributes, together, with its excellent sensitivity and specificity make the FPA an attractive test for the detection of serum antibodies to Brucella abortus in bison.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Validation of the Fluorescence Polarization Assay and Comparison to Other Serological Assays for the Detection of Serum Antibodies to Brucella Abortus in Bison

Gall

Nielsen

Forbes

et al. 2000

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…iseases shared between wildlife and domesticated farm animals, such as brucellosis (1) and bovine tuberculosis in white-tailed deer (2), are notoriously difficult to manage. When wild animals are involved in the epidemiology of a disease which affects domestic animals, the effects on disease spread and control can be profound.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes from Hoof Lesions in Wild North American Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington State, USA

et al. 2015

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c Since 2008, a large increase in the numbers of cases of lameness have been seen in wild North American elk (Cervus elaphus) from Washington State, USA. The most recent cases manifested as foot lesions similar both clinically and pathologically to those seen in digital dermatitis (DD) in cattle and sheep, a disease with a bacterial etiopathogenesis. To determine whether the same bacteria considered responsible for DD are associated with elk lameness, lesion samples were subjected to bacterial isolation studies and PCR assays for three phylogroups of relevant DD treponemes. The DD treponemes were isolated from lesional tissues but not from control feet or other areas of the diseased foot (including the coronary band or interdigital space), suggesting that the bacteria are strongly associated with DD lesions and may therefore be causal. In addition, PCR analysis revealed that all three unique DD treponeme phylotypes were found in elk hoof disease, and in 23% of samples, all 3 DD-associated treponemes were present in lesions. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the elk lesion treponemes were phylogenetically almost identical to those isolated from cattle and sheep DD lesions. The isolates were particularly similar to two of the three culturable DD treponeme phylotypes: specifically, the Treponema medium/Treponema vincentii-like and Treponema phagedenislike DD spirochetes. The third treponeme culturable phylogroup (Treponema pedis), although detected by PCR, was not isolated. This is the first report describing isolation of DD treponemes from a wildlife host, suggesting that the disease may be evolving to include a wider spectrum of cloven-hoofed animals.

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“…Serosurveys of female elk on feedgrounds in Wyoming revealed that approximately one-third were testpositive (Thorne et al, 1978;Morton et al, 1981); therefore, it is important to avoid translocation of elk with any link to the infected free-ranging elk herds in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Outside of the Greater Yellowstone Area, free-ranging elk do not appear to be infected with brucellosis (Adrian and Keiss, 1977;McCorquodale and DiGiacomo, 1985).…”

Section: High Risk Infectious Agents and Ectoparasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Protocol for Translocation of Free-Ranging Elk

Corn

Nettles

2001

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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When considering an elk (Cervus elaphus) restoration program, wildlife managers must evaluate the positive and negative elements of translocation. We prepared this protocol to give an overview of health considerations associated with translocation of elk, with an emphasis on movement of free-ranging elk from western North America to the southeastern USA. We evaluated infectious agents and ectoparasites reported in elk from two perspectives. First, we made a qualitative estimate of the ability of the agent to be introduced and to become established. This was done using a selected set of epidemiologic factors. Second, if there was a good possibility that the organism could become established in the release area, the potential pathological consequences for elk and other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans were assessed via examination of the literature and consultation with other animal health specialists. The results of these evaluations were used to classify infectious agents and ectoparasites as low risk (n ϭ 174), unknown risk (n ϭ 10), and high risk (n ϭ 9). We classified Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Pasteurella multocida serotype 3, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fascioloides magna, Echinococcus granulosus, Dermacentor albipictus, and Otobius megnini as unknown risks. High risk infectious agents and ectoparasites were the agent of chronic wasting disease, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, Dermacentor andersoni, Ixodes pacificus, and Psoroptes sp. Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, Elaeophora schneideri, and a Babesia sp. are parasites endemic in the southeastern USA that may present a ''reverse risk'' and adversely affect elk if released in some parts of the region. We developed a five-component protocol to reduce the risk of introduction of high risk infectious agents and ectoparasites that included: (1) evaluation of the health status of source populations, (2) quarantines, (3) physical examination and diagnostic testing, (4) restrictions on translocation of animals from certain geographic areas or populations, and (5) prophylactic treatment.

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Brucellosis in Elk I. Serologic and Bacteriologic Survey in Wyoming

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Validation of the Fluorescence Polarization Assay and Comparison to Other Serological Assays for the Detection of Serum Antibodies to Brucella Abortus in Bison

Validation of the Fluorescence Polarization Assay and Comparison to Other Serological Assays for the Detection of Serum Antibodies to Brucella Abortus in Bison

Isolation of Digital Dermatitis Treponemes from Hoof Lesions in Wild North American Elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington State, USA

Health Protocol for Translocation of Free-Ranging Elk

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