Brown but not white adipose cells synthesize omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid in culture

Qin, Xia; Park, Hui Gyu; Zhang, Ji Yao; Lawrence, Peter; Li, Xinwei; Subramanian, Nivetha; Kothapalli, Kumar S.D.; Brenna, J. Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2015.11.001

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…ATRA treatment in mice induces in liver a collection of genes in the biosynthesis of unsaturated FAs responsible for anti-inflammation [14]. Activated BAT and browned WAT could be additional sources of DHA as suggested by previous works showing that (i) tissues with high oxidative metabolism tend to have high DHA levels, (ii) long-chain PUFA synthetic desaturase enzymes reside in mitochondria, and (iii) differentiated brown but not white adipocytes in culture synthesize DHA, supporting altogether the hypothesis that functional BAT is a net producer of DHA [86].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Novel Markers of the Metabolic Impact of Exogenous Retinoic Acid with A Focus on Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids

Ribot

Arreguín

Kuda

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the carboxylic form of vitamin A, lowers body weight in rodents by promoting oxidative metabolism in multiple tissues including white and brown adipose tissues. We aimed to identify novel markers of the metabolic impact of ATRA through targeted blood metabolomics analyses, with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids. Blood was obtained from mice treated with a high ATRA dose (50 mg/kg body weight/day, subcutaneous injection) or placebo (controls) during the 4 days preceding collection. LC-MS/MS analyses with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids were conducted on plasma and PBMC. Main results showed that, relative to controls, ATRA-treated mice had in plasma: increased levels of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and longer acylcarnitine species; decreased levels of citrulline, and increased global arginine bioavailability ratio for nitric oxide synthesis; increased levels of creatine, taurine and docosahexaenoic acid; and a decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio. While some of these features likely reflect the stimulation of lipid mobilization and oxidation promoted by ATRA treatment systemically, other may also play a causal role underlying ATRA actions. The results connect ATRA to specific nutrition-modulated biochemical pathways, and suggest novel mechanisms of action of vitamin A-derived retinoic acid on metabolic health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Novel Markers of the Metabolic Impact of Exogenous Retinoic Acid with A Focus on Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids

Ribot

Arreguín

Kuda

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…Although liver is the primary site for the endogenous synthesis of LCPUFAs, the action of the pathway has been observed in a wide range of tissues 79,80 , including heart 81 , brain 81–83 , both white and brown adipose tissues 84 . Moreover, while the synthesis rate and relevant enzyme levels in liver are regulated by dietary fatty acid inputs, they are not affected in other tissues 81 , indicating that identifying eQTLs for FADS genes in the liver might need extra control for dietary inputs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary adaptation ofFADSgenes in Europe varied across time and geography

Gao

Wang

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…These observations are of ethnological significance, in view of the high consumption of omega-3 from fish in individuals living in cold areas such as the Eskimos [ 98 ]. Interestingly, in in vitro systems only BAT and not WAT cells synthesize DHA [ 99 ].…”

Section: Ppar-α: Fibrates and Omega-3 Fatty Acids In The Metabolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

PPAR Agonists and Metabolic Syndrome: An Established Role?

Botta

Audano

Sahebkar

et al. 2018

IJMS

189

129

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Therapeutic approaches to metabolic syndrome (MetS) are numerous and may target lipoproteins, blood pressure or anthropometric indices. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the metabolic regulation of lipid and lipoprotein levels, i.e., triglycerides (TGs), blood glucose, and abdominal adiposity. PPARs may be classified into the α, β/δ and γ subtypes. The PPAR-α agonists, mainly fibrates (including newer molecules such as pemafibrate) and omega-3 fatty acids, are powerful TG-lowering agents. They mainly affect TG catabolism and, particularly with fibrates, raise the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). PPAR-γ agonists, mainly glitazones, show a smaller activity on TGs but are powerful glucose-lowering agents. Newer PPAR-α/δ agonists, e.g., elafibranor, have been designed to achieve single drugs with TG-lowering and HDL-C-raising effects, in addition to the insulin-sensitizing and antihyperglycemic effects of glitazones. They also hold promise for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is closely associated with the MetS. The PPAR system thus offers an important hope in the management of atherogenic dyslipidemias, although concerns regarding potential adverse events such as the rise of plasma creatinine, gallstone formation, drug–drug interactions (i.e., gemfibrozil) and myopathy should also be acknowledged.

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Brown but not white adipose cells synthesize omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid in culture

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Novel Markers of the Metabolic Impact of Exogenous Retinoic Acid with A Focus on Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids

Novel Markers of the Metabolic Impact of Exogenous Retinoic Acid with A Focus on Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids

Dietary adaptation ofFADSgenes in Europe varied across time and geography

PPAR Agonists and Metabolic Syndrome: An Established Role?

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