Brown Algae

Wehr, John D.

doi:10.1016/b978-012741550-5/50023-4

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The brown seaweed family is classified into 13 orders (Gupta & Abu‐Ghannam, ), about 300 genera (Silberfeld, Rousseau, & Reviers, ), and an estimated 1836 known species (Wehr, ). However, only three orders, laminarales, fucales, and dictyota, have been widely explored for their phytochemicals (Gupta & Abu‐Ghannam, ).…”

Section: Seaweedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of brown seaweed polysaccharides (BSP) as prebiotics and potential immunomodulators

et al. 2017

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Prebiotics enhance immune response through the modulation of intestinal microbial activities, production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), direct interaction with toll‐like receptors and mucin production. These non‐digestible food components are known to be resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis by digestive enzymes and are utilized as carbon source for the growth of beneficial bacteria population through the process of fermentation. Brown seaweed polysaccharides (BSP) have been described as emerging prebiotics due to their potential to stimulate gut microbiota activities at in vitro and in vivo stages. This review therefore examines evidence of the relationship between the prebiotic capacity of BSP, their structure, extraction, and possible mechanisms of immunomodulation. Practical applications Bio‐functional ingredients have been widely explored for numerous health benefits. Of interest to this review are polysaccharides of brown seaweed which have great prebiotic prospects. Prebiotics are important bio‐functional ingredients having the potential to improve immune health. An understanding of the prebiotic and immunomodulatory potential of BSP provides the food industry a novel alternative source of prebiotics. Excerpts from this review will provide background knowledge and advance scientific research into prospects of BSP as prebiotics and a possible commercialization of BSP products.

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Section: Seaweedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of brown seaweed polysaccharides (BSP) as prebiotics and potential immunomodulators

et al. 2017

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“…In freshwater creeks in Australia, the attached, branched, filamentous chlorophyte alga Stigeoclonium tenue grew year round, competing for substratum space with C. glomerata in cooler winter and spring, but not in warmer summer and autumn water when Cladophora was more robust (Entwisle ). Less common colonial and multicellular epiphytes include the chrysophyte Synura , the phaeophyte alga Pleurocladia lacustris (Wehr , Young et al. ), and bangiophytes on Mediterranean C. prolifera (Roth) Kütz.…”

Section: Algal Epiphytes and Associates Of Cladophoramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genus Cladophora Kützing (Ulvophyceae) as a Globally Distributed Ecological Engineer

Zulkifly

Graham

Young

et al. 2013

Journal of Phycology

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The green algal genus Cladophora forms conspicuous nearshore populations in marine and freshwaters worldwide, commonly dominating peri-phyton communities. As the result of human activities, including the nutrient pollution of nearshore waters, Cladophora-dominated periphyton can form nuisance blooms. On the other hand, Cladophora has ecological functions that are beneficial, but less well appreciated. For example, Cladophora has previously been characterized as an ecological engineer because its complex structure fosters functional and taxonomic diversity of benthic microfauna. Here, we review classic and recent literature concerning taxonomy, cell biology, morphology, reproductive biology, and ecology of the genus Cladophora, to examine how this alga functions to modify habitats and influence littoral biogeochemistry. We review the evidence that Cladophora supports large, diverse populations of microalgal and bacterial epiphytes that influence the cycling of carbon and other key elements, and that the high production of cellulose and hydrocarbons by Cladophora-dominated periphyton has the potential for diverse technological applications, including wastewater remediation coupled to renewable biofuel production. We postulate that well-known aspects of Cladophora morphology, hydrodynamically stable and perennial holdfasts, distinctively branched architecture, unusually large cell and sporangial size and robust cell wall construction, are major factors contributing to the multiple roles of this organism as an ecological engineer.

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“…are also sometimes included in the ''macroalgae'', particularly species which form large tangled floating mats which can cause a nuisance in freshwater systems (Pieterse & Murphy, 1993). The brown algae (Phaeophyta), so characteristic of marine rocky shore systems, include seven periphytic species that occur in freshwaters but their inclusion in the ''macroalgae'' is debatable as filamentous forms are typically \10-mm long (Wehr, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater

et al. 2007

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Aquatic macrophytes are aquatic photosynthetic organisms, large enough to see with the naked eye, that actively grow permanently or periodically submerged below, floating on, or growing up through the water surface. Aquatic macrophytes are represented in seven plant divisions: Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Xanthophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta. Species composition and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in the more primitive divisions are less well known than for the vascular macrophytes (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta), which are represented by 33 orders and 88 families with about 2,614 species in c. 412 genera. These c. 2,614 aquatic species of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta evolved from land plants and represent only a small fraction (*1%) of the total number of vascular plants. Our analysis of the numbers and distribution of vascular macrophytes showed that whilst many species have broad ranges, species diversity is highest in the Neotropics, intermediate in the Oriental, Nearctic and Afrotropics, lower in the Palearctic and Australasia, lower again in the Pacific Oceanic Islands, and lowest in the Antarctic region. About 39% of the c. 412 genera containing aquatic vascular macrophytes are endemic to a single biogeographic region, with 61-64% of all aquatic vascular plant species found in the Afrotropics and Neotropics being endemic to those regions. Aquatic macrophytes play an important role in the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems and certain macrophyte species (e.g., rice) are cultivated for human consumption, yet several of the worst invasive weeds in the world are aquatic plants. Many of the threats to fresh waters (e.g., climate change, eutrophication) will result in reduced macrophyte diversity and will, in turn, threaten the faunal diversity of aquatic ecosystems and favour the establishment of exotic species, at the expense of native species.

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Brown Algae

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Prospects of brown seaweed polysaccharides (BSP) as prebiotics and potential immunomodulators

Prospects of brown seaweed polysaccharides (BSP) as prebiotics and potential immunomodulators

The Genus Cladophora Kützing (Ulvophyceae) as a Globally Distributed Ecological Engineer

Global diversity of aquatic macrophytes in freshwater

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