Brotes epizoóticos de triquinosis en dos criadores de cerdos de la Región Metropolitana, Chile.

Systemic pathological alterations caused by Philodryas patagoniensis colubrid snake venom in rats

“…Despite the lack of systemic alterations in clinical reports involving P. patagoniensis, caution should be exercised when manipulating this colubrid snake, and bitten people should be closely observed for the potential development of systemic effects, since these effects have been described in bites by other species of Philodryas (Schenone et al, 1954;Schenone and Reyes, 1965;Silva and Buononato, 1983/84;Ribeiro et al, 1999;Orduna et al, 1994) and in experimental animals (this work). From the latter, it appears that in an actual human snakebite case, P. patagoniensis venom would be able to induce a systemic effect even when not injected via the intravenous route.…”

“…Philodryas is a genus of rear-fanged colubrid snakes, which is found in South America, from Amazonas to Patagonia (Assakura et al, 1992(Assakura et al, , 1994. Bites by species of Philodryas have been reported from Argentina (Orduna et al, 1994), Brazil (Nickerson and Henderson, 1976;Silva and Buononato, 1983/84;Nishioka and Silveira, 1994;Arau´jo and dos Santos, 1997) and Chile (Schenone et al, 1954;Schenone and Reyes, 1965). Most envenomations caused by these colubrid snakes are mild, involving mainly local pain, edema and ecchymosis (Fowler and Saloma˜o, 1994;Carvalho and Nogueira, 1998;Ribeiro et al, 1999).…”

“…Most envenomations caused by these colubrid snakes are mild, involving mainly local pain, edema and ecchymosis (Fowler and Saloma˜o, 1994;Carvalho and Nogueira, 1998;Ribeiro et al, 1999). Systemic envenomation is rare, but a general malaise was reported to be common in bites by P. chamissonis (Schenone and Reyes, 1965). Ribeiro et al (1999) reported one case of envenomation by P. olfersii in a 2-year-old child which resulted in nausea and vomiting.…”

Research Note. Trichinella spiralis parasitizing Puma concolor: first record in wildlife in Chile

“…Several species of the genus Trichinella have been identifi ed as infecting both synanthropic and wild vertebrates in all continents but Antarctica (Pozio & Murrell, 2006;Pozio, et al, 2009;Pozio & Zarlenga, 2013). However, in Chile, reports of Trichinella parasitization are mostly restricted to synanthropic mammals such as pigs, rats, dogs, and cats (Álvarez, et al, 1970;Schenone, et al, 1999). There is only one fi nding of this genus in wild animals; however, this fi nding lacks the specifi c identifi cation of larvae (Hidalgo, et al, 2013).…”

“…The domestic cycle includes pigs, dogs and cats, and the sylvatic cycle includes wild carnivorous and omnivorous species (Minoprio, et al, 1967;Krivokapich, et al, 2006), where synanthropic rats can act as a vector of Trichinella from wildlife to domestic animals (Pozio, 2000). In Chile, Trichinella has been found in domestic pigs (Poupin, 1897;Schenone, et al, 1999), dogs, cats (Álvarez, et al, 1970), and synanthropic rats (several reports from Poupin, 1897), but only isolates taken from pigs and brown rats have been identifi ed at species level as T. spiralis (Schenone, et al, 2002;Fonseca-Salamanca, et al, 2006;ITRC-ISS, 2014). On the other hand, there are only three published articles, those by Álvarez et al (1970), González-Acuña et al (2010) and Hidalgo et al (2013), concerning Trichinella in wildlife.…”