Brote de gastroenteritis por Norovirus causado por el consumo de agua de suministro público

Godoy, Pere; Nuín, Carmen; Alsedà, Miquel; Llovet, Teresa; Mazana, R.; Domı́nguez, Àngela

doi:10.1016/s0014-2565(06)72851-x

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Human NoV causes waterborne outbreaks worldwide suggesting their ability to persist and survive for extended periods in the environment [14][15][16][17][18][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The natural area surroundings included the Sanctuary and a restaurant that could be the source of contamination due to the wastewater discharges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus may survive long periods in surfaces and extreme temperatures (freezing temperatures and up to 60 • C), with low resistance to chlorine disinfection [10][11][12][13]. Due to its high stability and extreme infectivity to humans, indirect transmission from contaminated drinking water have been documented in previous studies [14][15][16][17][18]. Moreover, water and foodborne NoV outbreaks have been recently linked to climate change affecting the pattern of epidemic spread [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Waterborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by a GII Norovirus in a Holiday Camp in Catalonia (Spain), 2017

Carol

Guadalupe-Fernández

Rius

et al. 2021

Viruses

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On 2 February 2017, Epidemiological Surveillance Services were notified of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among schoolchildren who had taken part of a school trip from 30 January to 3 February 2017 at a holiday camp in Catalonia. A retrospective cohort study was performed to identify the causative agent, estimate the magnitude of the outbreak and identify its source, as well as to determine the route of transmission. Data collected by standardised questionnaires identified 41 episodes of AGE among 174 individuals who attended the camp. Cases had mainly symptoms of abdominal pain (73.8%), nausea (64.3%), vomiting (54.8%), diarrhoea (45.2%) and headache (42.9%). Consumption of water was associated with gastroenteritis (crude RR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.01–2.92; adjusted RR: 1.88, 95%CI 1.03–3.56). NoV GII was detected in faeces (5 out of 13) and water samples. Additionally, faecal indicator bacteria and protozoa were detected in water samples. The outbreak showed a high attack rate and was caused by a natural water fountain not properly treated and not monitored for safety quality. There could have been a discharge of wastewater at a point close to the fountain; however, the source of contamination of the water could not be identified. Health education may be useful to eliminate risks associated with the consumption of untreated water from natural fountains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Waterborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by a GII Norovirus in a Holiday Camp in Catalonia (Spain), 2017

Carol

Guadalupe-Fernández

Rius

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) cause >80% of global non-bacterial gastroenteritis that can be spread through contamination of food, water, fomites, or direct contact, and also via aerosolization ( Fankhauser et al, 2002 ; Widdowson et al, 2005 ; Godoy et al, 2006 ). HuNoVs are also single-stranded RNA viruses that are small 27 to 32 nM in size that belong to the Caliciviridae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Modeling as an Approach to Identify Surrogates for Use in Experimental Validation of SARS-CoV-2 and HuNoV Inactivation by UV-C Treatment

et al. 2020

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that continues to pose significant public health concerns. While research to deliver vaccines and antivirals are being pursued, various effective technologies to control its environmental spread are also being targeted. Ultraviolet light (UV-C) technologies are effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms when used even on large surface areas. In this study, we developed a pyrimidine dinucleotide frequency based genomic model to predict the sensitivity of select enveloped and non-enveloped viruses to UV-C treatments in order to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 and human norovirus surrogates. The results revealed that this model was best fitted using linear regression with r 2 = 0.90. The predicted UV-C sensitivity ( D 90 – dose for 90% inactivation) for SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV was found to be 21.5 and 28 J/m 2 , respectively (with an estimated 18 J/m 2 obtained from published experimental data for SARS-CoV-1), suggesting that coronaviruses are highly sensitive to UV-C light compared to other ssRNA viruses used in this modeling study. Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) A59 strain with a D 90 of 21 J/m 2 close to that of SARS-CoV-2 was identified as a suitable surrogate to validate SARS-CoV-2 inactivation by UV-C treatment. Furthermore, the non-enveloped human noroviruses (HuNoVs), had predicted D 90 values of 69.1, 89, and 77.6 J/m 2 for genogroups GI, GII, and GIV, respectively. Murine norovirus (MNV-1) of GV with a D 90 = 100 J/m 2 was identified as a potential conservative surrogate for UV-C inactivation of these HuNoVs. This study provides useful insights for the identification of potential non-pathogenic (to humans) surrogates to understand inactivation kinetics and their use in experimental validation of UV-C disinfection systems. This approach can be used to narrow the number of surrogates used in testing UV-C inactivation of other human and animal ssRNA viral pathogens for experimental validation that can save cost, labor and time.

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“…It has been identified as the most frequent aetiological viral agent of acute gastroenteritis worldwide (Mead et al 1999;Kim et al 2005;Godoy et al 2006). Based on the nucleic acid sequences of the capsid gene, NoV can be classified into five distinct genogroups (GI-GV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water

Lee

Kim

Paik

et al. 2011

Journal of Water and Health

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The virus adsorption-elution (VIRADEL) technique has been widely used in the recovery of various enteric viruses in water, and an electropositive filter such as 1 MDS has been commonly applied.However, effective methods of monitoring waterborne norovirus (NoV) have not yet been well characterized and optimized. Hence, in this study, the VIRADEL technique was evaluated and optimized for effectively detecting NoV in water by two commonly used electropositive filters (1MDS and NanoCeram filter). Various elution and concentration methods were evaluated by using both murine norovirus (MNV) and human NoV. Among the tested elution buffers, the most effective was 1.5% beef extract plus 0.01% Tween 80 for both 1MDS (67.5%) and NanoCeram (85.7%) microfilters. The recovery rate of GII-4 human NoV was higher by organic flocculation (86.6%) than by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitations (11.6~73.6%). When both 1MDS and NanoCeram filters were tested to detect NoV in surface and groundwater, the sensitivity of NoV recovered by these filters appeared to depend on the types and conditions of environmental water. The results of this study will help to set a standard of detection method for NoV in water.

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Brote de gastroenteritis por Norovirus causado por el consumo de agua de suministro público

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

A Waterborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by a GII Norovirus in a Holiday Camp in Catalonia (Spain), 2017

A Waterborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak Caused by a GII Norovirus in a Holiday Camp in Catalonia (Spain), 2017

Genomic Modeling as an Approach to Identify Surrogates for Use in Experimental Validation of SARS-CoV-2 and HuNoV Inactivation by UV-C Treatment

Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water

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