Brominated flame retardants, a cornelian dilemma

Morel, Chloé; Schroeder, Henri; Emond, Claude; Turner, Jonathan D.; Lichtfouse, Éric; Grova, Nathalie

doi:10.1007/s10311-022-01392-2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Flame retardants have been widely used since the 1970s in textiles, furnishing, plastic, and electronic equipment ( Horrocks, 2011 ; McGrath et al, 2018 ; Morel et al, 2022 ). Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs), were the primary FRs for more than thirty years ( Pantelaki and Voutsa, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to flame retardants in European children — Results from the HBM4EU aligned studies

Schyff

Kalina

Govarts

et al. 2023

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to flame retardants in European children — Results from the HBM4EU aligned studies

Schyff

Kalina

Govarts

et al. 2023

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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“…There is growing evidence that maternal stress exposure affects the neurodevelopment of their offspring [5,6], while recent findings have highlighted that the emergence of ASD could be significantly associated with perinatal exposure to various environmental factors [2]. Three major notable factors can be pointed out: (i) nutritional stress, which includes both nutritional deficiencies (e.g., lower concentration levels of vitamins B6, B9 and B12) [7,8] or excesses [9], (ii) prenatal exposure to pharmacological substances like valproic acid (VPA, 2-propylpentanoic acid), an antiepileptic drug particularly used for drug-resistant epilepsy, and (iii) environmental exposure to chemical stress such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) [10], polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [11,12], heavy metals [13], brominated flame retardants (BFRs) [14,15] and pesticides [16]. Among the environmental chemicals, the role of early exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially BFRs, is particularly questioned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-to-Head Study of Developmental Neurotoxicity and Resultant Phenotype in Rats: α-Hexabromocyclododecane versus Valproic Acid, a Recognized Model of Reference for Autism Spectrum Disorders

Morel

Christophe

Maguin‐Gaté

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Evidence is now growing that exposure to environmental pollutants during the critical early-life period of brain development may contribute to the emergence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study seeks to compare the developmental neurotoxicity of the α-isomer of hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), a persistent brominated flame retardant, to the valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD in rodents. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, α-HBCDD (100 ng/kg/day p.o., GD0-PND21) and VPA (600 mg/kg i.p., GD12). Male offspring were tested for their neuromotor development from PND2-21. At PND21, brain functionality was assessed by measuring cytochrome oxidase activity (CO). Modifications in neuroglia and synaptic plasticity were evaluated in the cortex. Similar subtle behavioural changes related to neuromotor maturation and noise reaction were observed in both treated groups. At PND21, a reduction in CO activity was measured in the VPA group only, in specific areas including auditory nuclei, visual cortex, cingulate and frontal cortices. At the same age, α-HBCDD pointed out significant overexpression of cortical markers of synaptic plasticity while both treated groups showed a significant under expression of astrocyte proteins (S100-β and GFAP). Early-life exposure to a low dose of α-HBCDD may trigger neurobehavioural alterations in line with ASD.

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“…Mineral substances, such as aluminium and magnesium hydroxides, are less expensive but also provide poor flame-retarding effect, requiring higher concentrations, which, in turn, affect processing behaviour and physical and mechanical properties of final product negatively [29]. Chlorinated/brominated substances are proved to be very harmful for mankind and nature; so, usage of these substances in polymers, especially in biodegradable compositions, does not make sense [30,31]. Phosphorus-based formulations are a most promising choice due to their low toxicity and high efficiency [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to Modelling the Correlation Between Grain Sizes of Feed Material and the Structure and Efficiency of the Process of Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extrusion of Non-Flammable Composites with a Pla Matrix

Fiedurek

Szroeder

Macko

et al. 2022

Acta Mechanica Et Automatica

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Co-rotating twin-screw extrusion is an energy consuming process that is generally not fully optimised to a specific polymer. From the point of view of the efficiency of the extrusion process, the starting material should be characterised by small grain sizes in comparison to the screw channel area, small surface area to volume ratio and small internal friction between the pellets. To develop a model describing the effect of polylactide (PLA) grain size on the extrusion efficiency, a series of experiments with a twin-screw extruder were carried out during which the energy consumption; torque on shafts and temperature of the melt on the extruder die were monitored. As feed material, both the neat PLA with different grain sizes and the PLA with expandable graphite fillers and phosphorous-based flame retardants were used. Morphology and dispersion quality of the composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); flammability, smoke production, mass loss and heat release rates were tested using cone calorimetry; and melt flow rate was determine using a plastometer. Moreover, the thermal properties of the obtained composites were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the choice of the starting material affects both the efficiency of the extrusion process and the flame retardancy properties of the composite materials.

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Brominated flame retardants, a cornelian dilemma

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Exposure to flame retardants in European children — Results from the HBM4EU aligned studies

Exposure to flame retardants in European children — Results from the HBM4EU aligned studies

Head-to-Head Study of Developmental Neurotoxicity and Resultant Phenotype in Rats: α-Hexabromocyclododecane versus Valproic Acid, a Recognized Model of Reference for Autism Spectrum Disorders

Introduction to Modelling the Correlation Between Grain Sizes of Feed Material and the Structure and Efficiency of the Process of Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extrusion of Non-Flammable Composites with a Pla Matrix

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