Broadly tuned face representation in older adults assessed by categorical perception.

Lee, Yunjo; Smith, Courtney R.; Grady, Cheryl L.; Hoang, Nick; Moscovitch, Morris

doi:10.1037/a0035710

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In accordance with previous CP studies using morphed faces 7,24 2.67, SE = . 19) did not reach significance, 95% CI [-.05, .89], two-tailed t-test, t(34) = 1.83, p = .076, although it did represent a medium-sized effect 25 , r = .…”

Section: Notesupporting

confidence: 91%

Pattern Separation Contributes to Categorical Face Perception

Baker

Youm

Levy

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Traditionally considered a memory structure, the hippocampus has been shown to contribute to non-memory functions, from perception to language. Recent evidence suggests that the ability to differentiate highly confusable faces could involve pattern separation, a mnemonic process mediated by the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Hippocampal involvement, however, may depend on existing face memories. To investigate these possibilities, we tested BL, a rare individual with bilateral lesions selective to the DG, and healthy controls. Both were administered morphed images of famous and nonfamous faces in a categorical perception (CP) identification and discrimination experiment. All participants exhibited nonlinear identification of famous faces with a midpoint category boundary. Controls identified newly learned nonfamous faces with lesser fidelity, while BL showed a notable shift in category boundary.When discriminating face pairs, controls showed typical CP effects of better between-category than within-category discriminationbut only for famous faces. BL showed extreme withincategory "compression," reflecting his tendency to pattern complete following suboptimal pattern separation. We provide the first evidence that pattern separation contributes to CP of faces.

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Section: Notesupporting

confidence: 91%

Pattern Separation Contributes to Categorical Face Perception

Baker

Youm

Levy

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…It may also be suggested that having more life experience may cause older adults to view the sample of faces used in this study as overall less distinctive with respect to the features of all possible faces. However, due to the lack of consistency of older adults also in their ratings of the perceptual qualities of the faces (distinctiveness and familiarity) it may be suggested that the lower inter-rater scores of older adults may be linked to either the lack of differentiation between the representations of the face stimuli (Lee et al, 2014) or to the internal representations of each of the faces on preference-relevant dimensions to be noisy or overlapping. Both of these effects could possibly lead to changes in judgments of repeated stimuli resulting in low inter-rater correlations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach allows us to calculate the probability that a rater will assign two randomly chosen faces to different levels on a rating scale, which is an indication of the level of age-related neural differentiation of the face stimuli (i.e., the cognitive processes become less distinct in older adulthood; e.g., Baltes et al, 1980; Salthouse et al, 1996; Lee et al, 2014). The differentiation scores for each rating dimension were calculated using the probability of differentiation ( P D ), where i is the level on the rating scale (1–7), and P is the proportion of ratings at the n th level (for more details see Linville et al, 1986; Ng et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual and Social Attributes Underlining Age-Related Preferences for Faces

Kiiski

Cullen

Clavin

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Although aesthetic preferences are known to be important in person perception and can play a significant role in everyday social decisions, the effect of the age of the observer on aesthetic preferences for faces of different ages has not yet been fully investigated. In the present study we investigated whether aesthetic preferences change with aging, with an age-related bias in favoring faces from one’s own age group. In addition, we examined the role of age on both the perceptual qualities and the social attributes of faces that may influence these aesthetic judgements. Both younger and older adult observers provided ratings to images of younger, middle-aged and older unfamiliar faces. As well as attractiveness, the rating dimensions included other perceptual (distinctiveness, familiarity) and social (competence, trustworthiness and dominance) factors. The results suggested a consistent aesthetic preference for youthful faces across all ages of the observers but, surprisingly, no evidence for an age-related bias in attractiveness ratings. Older adults tended to provide higher ratings of attractiveness, competence and trustworthiness to the unfamiliar faces, consistent with the positivity effect previously reported. We also tested whether perceptual factors such as face familiarity or distinctiveness affected aesthetic ratings. Only ratings of familiarity, but not distinctiveness, were positively associated with the attractiveness of the faces. Moreover, ratings of familiarity decreased with increasing age of the face. With regard to the social characteristics of the faces, we found that the age of the face negatively correlated with ratings of trustworthiness provided by all observers, but with the competence ratings of older observers only. Interestingly, older adults provided higher ratings of perceived competence and trustworthiness to younger than older faces. However, our results also suggest that higher attractiveness ratings, together with older aged faces, led to more positive evaluations of competence. The results are discussed within the context of an age-related decline in the differentiation of faces in memory. Our findings have important implications for a better understanding of age-related perceptual factors and cognitive determinants of social interactions with unfamiliar others across the adult lifespan.

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“…The final sample of participants included [-46.34, -42.76]) but not education (t(43) = -1.07, p = .29). This sample size was determined on the basis of prior work on aging and face perception research (Lee et al, 2014;Norton et al, 2009). All participants had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and no history of neurological or visual disorders.…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Reconstruction Reveals the Impact of Aging on Face Perception

Chang

Nemrodov

Drobotenko

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Extensive work has demonstrated a decline in face recognition abilities associated with healthy aging. To date, however, there has been limited insight into the nature and the extent of agingrelated alterations in internal face representations. Here, we sought to address these issues by using an image reconstruction approach that capitalizes on the structure of behavioral data to reveal the pictorial content of visual representations. To this end, healthy young and older adults provided similarity judgments with pairs of face images. Facial shape and surface features were subsequently derived from the structure of the data for each participant and combined into image reconstructions of facial appearance. Our findings revealed that image reconstruction was successful for every participant, irrespective of age. However, reconstruction accuracies of shape and surface information were lower for older individuals than young individuals. Specifically, facial features diagnostic for face perception, such as eye shape and skin tone, were reconstructed poorly in older adults relative to young adults. At the same time, we found that age-related effects only accounted for a relatively small proportion of individual variability in face representations. Thus, our results provide novel insight into age-related changes in visual perception, they account for the decline in facial recognition occurring with age and they demonstrate the utility of image reconstruction to uncovering internal representations across a variety of populations.

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Broadly tuned face representation in older adults assessed by categorical perception.

Cited by 17 publications

References 62 publications

Pattern Separation Contributes to Categorical Face Perception

Pattern Separation Contributes to Categorical Face Perception

Perceptual and Social Attributes Underlining Age-Related Preferences for Faces

Image Reconstruction Reveals the Impact of Aging on Face Perception

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