Broadening the antibody specificity by hapten design for an enzyme-linked immunoassay as an improved screening method for the determination of nitroaromatic residues in soils

Atypical antibody specificity: advancing the development of a generic assay for sulphonamides using heterologous ELISA

“…The need to consider both the structure of the hapten as well as competitors and linkers is obvious from the considerable amounts of literature available. 22,29,30,34,35 In all cases, assay speci®city and/or sensitivity have been manipulated by careful hapten design. Selection of the location of linkage to carrier molecules is vital, since it is often necessary to avoid using functional groups that form the character of the molecule, hence selection of the R-group for linkage in this case.…”

Analysis of aqueous 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using a fluorescent displacement immunoassay

“…On-site analysis methods can be used to assess the nature and extent of contamination as well as to monitor remediation progress. Current on-site methods often involve multiple steps and require between 20 min and 2 h [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. More rapid methods for dissolved TNT analysis exist, such as continuous flow immunoassays, which have been integrated into field-portable units [8].…”

Microbial Transglutaminase-Mediated Synthesis of Hapten–Protein Conjugates for Immunoassays

“…The lower detection limit was calculated to be 0.04 g/L TNT, the upper detection limit to be 1860 g/L TNT, and the B 50 value to be 9.3 g/L TNT (data not shown). Jü licher et al (20) used the same antiserum for TNT determination but a different assay format with antibody coating instead of hapten coating as applied in this study; the lower detection limit of this assay was 2 g/L TNT and the center point was 350 g/L TNT (the upper detection was not determined). Due to the different assay formats, a direct comparison of both calibration curves is not possible; the excellent performance of the MTGase-synthesized hapten-protein conjugates, however, is obvious.…”