“…Various techniques have been used to achieve this matching by using substrate material that has a dielectric constant with high value, patches that have slots in them, fractals, defected ground structure, electronic band gap structures, metamaterials, and shorting pins and plates [3][4][5][6][7]. Apart from losses there are methods to improve the efficiency, bandwidth, and gain, which can be achieved by increasing the height of the dielectric substrate, decreasing the relative permittivity, and performing dual-band operations [8,9]. A fractal antenna is commonly used for multiband applications.…”