Broadband THz Uncooled Antenna-Coupled Microbolometer Array—Electromagnetic Design, Simulations and Measurements

Nguyen, Duy-Thong; Simoens, F.; Ouvrier-Buffet, Jean-Louis; Meilhan, Jean–Baptiste; Coutaz, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.1109/tthz.2012.2188395

Cited by 77 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For instance bolometric devices that now incorporate antennae structures are being integrated in planar arrays [3]. Additionally, photomixers that have similar structures to the photoconductive detectors, but that are CW-pumped, have been introduced [4].…”

Section: Terahertz Sensors and Terahertz Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap on optical sensors

Ferreira

Castro-Camus

Ottaway

et al. 2017

J. Opt.

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Sensors are devices or systems able to detect, measure and convert magnitudes from any domain to an electrical one. Using light as a probe for optical sensing is one of the most efficient approaches for this purpose. The history of optical sensing using some methods based on absorbance, emissive and florescence properties date back to the 16th century. The field of optical sensors evolved during the following centuries, but it did not achieve maturity until the demonstration of the first laser in 1960. The unique properties of laser light become particularly important in the case of laser-based sensors, whose operation is entirely based upon the direct detection of laser light itself, without relying on any additional mediating device. However, compared with freely propagating light beams, artificially engineered optical fields are in increasing demand for probing samples with very small sizes and/or weak light–matter interaction. Optical fiber sensors constitute a subarea of optical sensors in which fiber technologies are employed. Different types of specialty and photonic crystal fibers provide improved performance and novel sensing concepts. Actually, structurization with wavelength or subwavelength feature size appears as the most efficient way to enhance sensor sensitivity and its detection limit. This leads to the area of micro- and nano-engineered optical sensors. It is expected that the combination of better fabrication techniques and new physical effects may open new and fascinating opportunities in this area. This roadmap on optical sensors addresses different technologies and application areas of the field. Fourteen contributions authored by experts from both industry and academia provide insights into the current state-of-the-art and the challenges faced by researchers currently. Two sections of this paper provide an overview of laser-based and frequency comb-based sensors. Three sections address the area of optical fiber sensors, encompassing both conventional, specialty and photonic crystal fibers. Several other sections are dedicated to micro- and nano-engineered sensors, including whispering-gallery mode and plasmonic sensors. The uses of optical sensors in chemical, biological and biomedical areas are described in other sections. Different approaches required to satisfy applications at visible, infrared and THz spectral regions are also discussed. Advances in science and technology required to meet challenges faced in each of these areas are addressed, together with suggestions on how the field could evolve in the near future.

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Section: Terahertz Sensors and Terahertz Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap on optical sensors

Ferreira

Castro-Camus

Ottaway

et al. 2017

J. Opt.

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“…Nevertheless, the frequency range around 1 THz is particularly interesting because it is the highest range with low atmospheric attenuation, high penetration in solids, and with a sufficiently small wavelength to allow the integration on a chip of thousands of pixels in 2D focal plane array for THz imaging applications. 26 Such a source is also essential for THz near-field optical microscopy that …”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-threshold terahertz molecular laser optically pumped by a quantum cascade laser

2016

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We demonstrate a low-threshold, compact, room temperature, and continuous-wave terahertz molecular laser optically pumped by a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser. These characteristics are obtained, thanks to large dipole transitions of the active medium: NH3 (ammonia) in gas state. The low-power (<60 mW) laser pumping excites the molecules, thanks to intense mid-infrared transitions around 10.3 μm. The molecules de-excite by stimulated emission on pure inversion “umbrella-mode” quantum transitions allowed by the tunnel effect. The tunability of the quantum cascade laser gives access to several pure inversion transitions with different rotation states: we demonstrate the continuous-wave generation of ten laser lines around 1 THz. At 1.07 THz, we measure a power of 34 μW with a very low-threshold of 2 mW and a high differential efficiency of 0.82 mW/W. The spectrum was measured showing that the linewidth is lower than 1 MHz. To our knowledge, this is the first THz molecular laser pumped by a solid-state source and this result opens the way for compact, simple, and efficient THz source at room temperature for imaging applications.

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“…Most THz devices [4], [5] by far, however, are patterned in a two dimensional (2-D) fashion on various dielectric substrates such as silicon, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ , MgO and LT-GaAs and therefore suffer from dielectric loss and low radiation efficiency [6]. Often, low-loss dielectric materials such as alumina and zirconium-tin-titanate have been employed [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromachined Air-Lifted Pillar Arrays for Terahertz Devices

Kim

Arenas

Tanner

et al. 2014

IEEE Electron Device Lett.

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Micromachined air-lifted pillar arrays have been designed, fabricated, and characterized in the range of 1-3 THz. The pillar arrays consist of high-aspect-ratio epoxy structures defined by ultraviolet lithography followed by sputtered metallization. A Bruker 113v Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) system has been used to characterize the fabricated airlifted pillar arrays for both p-(E-field parallel to the plane of incidence) and s-(E-field perpendicular to the plane of incidence) polarized incident waves. Measurement results are verified using resonant frequency calculation and Floquet mode simulation. In the p-polarization measurement, the pillar arrays with a diameter of 5 µm, and heights of 28, 39, 54, and 60 µm show quarter wavelength resonant frequencies at 2.16, 1.81, 1.46, and 1.38 THz, respectively, as predicted. Since the air dielectric architecture has no dielectric loss, it would enable highly power efficient terahertz devices such as a monopole antenna, a frequency selective surface, and an electromagnetic absorber.

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Broadband THz Uncooled Antenna-Coupled Microbolometer Array—Electromagnetic Design, Simulations and Measurements

Cited by 77 publications

References 14 publications

Roadmap on optical sensors

Roadmap on optical sensors

Low-threshold terahertz molecular laser optically pumped by a quantum cascade laser

Micromachined Air-Lifted Pillar Arrays for Terahertz Devices

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