Broadband terahertz conductivity and optical transmission of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanomaterials

Yang, Changjiang; Chang, Chan Ming; Chen, Po‐Han; Yu, Peichen; Pan, Ci‐Ling

doi:10.1364/oe.21.016670

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The fabrication of highly porous and/or sculptured ITO thin films has been attempted by e-beam OAD from ITO pellets, both under high vacuum conditions [316][317][318][319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327] and in a carrier gas flux (usually nitrogen) [320,[328][329][330]. Fig.…”

Section: Transparent Conductive Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Barranco

Borrás

González‐Elipe

et al. 2016

Progress in Materials Science

601

436

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a b s t r a c tThe oblique angle configuration has emerged as an invaluable tool for the deposition of nanostructured thin films. This review develops an up to date description of its principles, including the atomistic mechanisms governing film growth and nanostructuration possibilities, as well as a comprehensive description of the applications benefiting from its incorporation in actual devices. In contrast with other reviews on the subject, the electron beam assisted evaporation technique is analyzed along with other methods operating at oblique angles, including, among others, magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser or ion beam-assisted deposition techniques. To account for the existing differences between deposition in vacuum or in the presence of a plasma, mechanistic simulations are critically revised, discussing well-established paradigms such as the tangent or cosine rules, and proposing new models that explain the growth of tilted porous nanostructures. In the second part, we present an extensive description of applications wherein oblique-angle-deposited thin films are of relevance. From there, we proceed by considering the requirements of a large number of functional devices in which these films are currently being utilized (e.g., solar cells, Li batteries, electrochromic glasses, biomaterials, sensors, etc.), and subsequently describe how and why these nanostructured materials meet with these needs.

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Section: Transparent Conductive Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Barranco

Borrás

González‐Elipe

et al. 2016

Progress in Materials Science

601

436

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[110] In even smaller (nanometersized) nanocrystals, the first excitonic transition appears far above the THz range. [114] Regardless of the nanoparticle shape, size and spatial distribution and orientation, many works still employ the Drude-Smith model as a base for fitting the THz conductivity spectra of a variety of nanostructures, including silicon nanowires, [115] nanocrystals [116][117][118] and polycrystalline films, [119] SnO 2 nanowires, [120][121][122] nanowhiskers [123] and mesoporous films, [124] CdSe nanobelts, [125] CdS x Se 1−x nanobelts [126,127] and nanowires, [128] ZnSe nanocrystals, [129] Au nanostructures, [130] granular kesterite films, [131] organic perovskite CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals, [132] VO 2 nanogranular films, [133,134] or graphene nanoribbons. [111,112] The excitonic polarizability can be calculated on a microscopic level, e.g., using a multiband effectivemass model.…”

Section: Wwwadvopticalmatdementioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials: a Close Look at Charge‐Carrier Transport

Kužel

Němec

2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Transport of charges is a fundamental process in many high-tech applications including photovoltaic or optoelectronic devices, but also in more ordinary components such as unsophisticated wires and other circuitry. The development of nanotechnologies resulted in the fabrication of highly complex materials consisting of a large variety of nanosized elements, which inevitably involve a multitude of charge transport processes occurring on various time-and length-scales. Figure 1 summarizes the most common nanoelements with high application potential.For example, the electrodes employed in Grätzel solar cells [1] are composed of percolated networks of a huge number of metal oxide nanoparticles (top-left panel in Figure 1). Colloidal nanocrystals form the basis for thin film electronics and flexible electronic devices. [2] The synthetic approaches control their composition, size and electronic structure (energy levels, density of states within the bands and in the bandgap) and the charge-carrier transport. [2,3] Nanowires and nanotubes made of conventional semiconductors are quasi 1D systems combining Terahertz spectroscopy has been used for almost two decades for investigations of nanomaterials, including nanocrystals, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes or 2D crystals. Its great importance stems from the fact that it is a noncontact method and, owing to its high frequency and broadband character, it is capable of characterizing charge transport properties within individual nano-objects but also among them. In addition, probing of photoinitiated ultrafast charge dynamics is possible thanks to the sub-picosecond time resolution. Despite this unprecedented potential, the interpretation of the measured terahertz conductivity spectra in many materials is still intensively debated. Herein is presented a review of the experiments performed on nanostructures of conventional semiconductors and on carbon nanomaterials (graphene and carbon nanotubes) during the past decade. The state of the art of the theoretical formalism is provided and discussed, including the intrinsic response, as well as the role of inherent heterogeneity and of the experimental conditions.

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“…Thus, the equivalent loss of graphene is close to saturation. [17], Tri-layer graphene [18], and ITO nanomaterials [19].…”

Section: Model and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given its special properties, the spectrum of the THz range has broad applications in communication, medical imaging, radar detection, nondestructive tests, and so on [15,16]. The transparent electrode within the THz frequency range has important prospective applications in THz detectors, modulators, VCSELs, and phase shifters [5][6][7][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Numerous THz transparent electrodes have been suggested, including two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), ion-gel, two-dimensional arrays of metallic square holes, graphene with low carrier density, and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanomaterials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband ultra-high transmission of terahertz radiation through monolayer MoS2

Deng

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this study, terahertz (THz) absorption and transmission of monolayer MoS 2 was calculated under different carrier concentrations. Results showed that the THz absorption of monolayer MoS 2 is very small even under high carrier concentrations and large incident angle. Equivalent loss of the THz absorption is the total sum of reflection and absorption that is one to three grades lower than that of graphene.The monolayer MoS 2 transmission is much larger than that of the traditional GaAs and InAs two-dimensional electron gas. The fieldeffect tubular structure formed by the monolayer MoS 2 -insulationlayer-graphene is investigated. In this structure the THz absorption of graphene to reach saturation under low voltage. Meantime, the maximum THz absorption of monolayer MoS 2 was limited to approximately 5%. Thus, monolayer MoS 2 is a kind of ideal THz Transparent Electrodes. 1 Transparent electrode has important prospective applications in the fields of photodetectors, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), and solar cells, et al [1, 2]. As a novel two-dimensional (2-D) material, graphene has high conductivity and very high light transmission within the range of medium infrared and visible light frequency [2-4].Thus, it is regarded as an ideal transparent electrode material. However, the plasmon of graphene exhibits very high terahertz (THz) absorption when the carrier concentration of graphene is high within the THz or far-infrared frequency range [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Therefore, graphene with high carrier concentration in THz frequency range is regarded as an absorption medium instead of a transparent electrode.The frequency of the THz range is mainly the spectrum within 0.1-10 THz. Given its special properties, the spectrum of the THz range has broad applications in communication, medical imaging, radar detection, nondestructive tests, and so on [15,16]. The transparent electrode within the THz frequency range has important prospective applications in THz detectors, modulators, VCSELs, and phase shifters [5][6][7][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Numerous THz transparent electrodes have been suggested, including two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), ion-gel, two-dimensional arrays of metallic square holes, graphene with low carrier density, and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanomaterials. However, Broadband ultra high transmission THz transparent electrodes is still very desirable.Recently, another 2-D material, namely, monolayer MoS 2 , has attracted much research attention. monolayer MoS 2 has high mobility (∼410 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) and excellent mechanical properties [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. However, its optical property is not the same as that of graphene. The monolayer MoS 2 band gap is not zero, which has a high absorption within the visible-light frequency range.This material can be used as a high-efficiency photoelectric detector material instead of an ideal transparent electrode material within the visible light frequency [23-31, 35, 36...

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Broadband terahertz conductivity and optical transmission of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanomaterials

Cited by 60 publications

References 44 publications

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Perspectives on oblique angle deposition of thin films: From fundamentals to devices

Terahertz Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials: a Close Look at Charge‐Carrier Transport

Broadband ultra-high transmission of terahertz radiation through monolayer MoS2

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