Broadband multi-emitter signal analysis and direction finding using a dual-port interferometric photonic spectrum analyzer based on spatial-spectral materials

Mohan, R.; Harrington, Calvin; Sharpe, Tia; Barber, Zeb W.; Babbitt, W.R.

doi:10.1109/mwp.2013.6724065

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1) Phase Shift Analysis: Distance to a target is measured via phase shift analysis and intensity analysis of the reflected light, relative to a reference optical path, as reported in [70], where a MEMS device, 1 mm × 1 mm in size, implements a diffraction-based interferometric distance sensor with sub-nm Interferometry-based Physical Methods and Measurement Systems Distance to target via optical phase-shift analysis ; Ref [70] AOA via radio-interferometry and antenna array ; Ref [71] AOA via hybrid radio-optical interferometry and antenna Array and spatial-spectral (S2) crystal ; Ref [72] AOA via hybrid radio-optical interferometry without S2 crystal ; Ref [74] 1. Phase-shift analysis (Distance) 2.…”

Section: A Interferometry-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and Comparison of Spatial Localization Methods for Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Iliev

Paprotny

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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Spatial localization (co-location) of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an active area of research, with many applications in sensing from distributed systems such as micro-aerial vehicles, smart dust sensors, and mobile robotics. This paper provides a comprehensive review and comparison of recent implementations (commercial and academic) of physical measurement techniques used in sensor localization, and of the localization algorithms that apply these measurement techniques. Physical methods for measuring distances and angles between WSN nodes are reviewed, followed by a comprehensive comparison of localization accuracy, applicable ranges, node dimensions, and power consumption of the different implementations. A summary of advantages and disadvantages of each measurement technique is provided along with a comparison of co-localization methods in WSNs across multiple algorithms and distance ranges. A discussion of possible improvements to accuracy, range, and power consumption of selected self-localization methods is included in the concluding discussion. Although the preferred implementation depends on the application, required accuracy, and range, passive optical triangulation is reported as the most energy efficient localization method for low-cost/low-power miniature sensor nodes. It is capable of providing micron-level resolution, however the applicable range (inter-node distance) is limited to single centimeters.1530-437X (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2015.2450742, IEEE Sensors Journal SUBMITTED TO THE IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2 on 2.4 GHz radios are: Nordic Semiconductor nRF24L01 transceiver [16] with consumed power from 345 µW to 2.4 mW depending on the refresh rate of the location task, ZigBee Texas Instruments SoC CC2430 radio transceiver [12] with 10 mW to 40 mW consumption depending on implementation, RF Telosb transceivers [17] with consumption from 35 mW to 41 mW depending on the activity profile, and finally on custom radios for IEEE 802.15.4 build from digital ASIC standard cells technology [18] with power consumption of 15.6 mW at 0 dB output power. The communication system is used by a sensor node to perform its message-based self-localization task as well as for broadcasting the basic data collected by the sensor. Communication systems based on ultrasound waves have not been attempted due to the directional dependence of acoustic signals and their dependence on air temperature and humidity. Optical communication between sensors in WSN has been implemented recently using low-power laser diode emitters and detectors [19], modulating Corner-Cube Reflectors (CCR) [20], MEMS CCR arrays [21], MEMS steering mirors (gold coated, refl...

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Section: A Interferometry-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent RF-optical interferometry system for AOA estimation is presented in [72]. A spectrum analyzer based on spatial-spectral (S2) materials is used to monitor broadband RF signals in the gigahertz range.…”

Section: A Interferometry-based Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Comparison of Spatial Localization Methods for Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Iliev

Paprotny

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…By applying the identity, 27 cosðx þ yÞ ¼ cos x cos y − sin x sin y; (14) to Eq. (13), the transmission factor becomes …”

Section: Use Of a Dual Electrode Mach-zehndermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Recently, a broadband, multiemitter DF system using a dual-drive MZM and a spatial-spectral material-based spectrum analyzer was presented that provides fine angular and spectral resolutions for spectrally nonoverlapping signals. 14 In this paper, a photonic wideband four-element phase sampling linear DF antenna array using a robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) preprocessing technique is presented that is characterized by a high angular (spatial) resolution, a wide frequency BW, a wide field-of-view (FOV), a minimum number of array elements, and a short array baseline length. We demonstrate theoretically and via simulation that a dual electrode MZM (DE-MZM) can be used as a phase detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wideband direction finding using a photonic robust symmetrical number system technique

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Dual electrode Mach-Zehnder modulators (DE-MZMs) are used to conduct phase detection for direct wideband direction finding (DF) of microwave signals. It is demonstrated theoretically and through simulation and experimentation that the normalized magnitude of the output signal phase detector circuit is equal to j sinðψ∕2Þj, where ψ is the phase difference between the plane waves arriving at the reference and measurement antennas of a linear DF array. A four-element wideband photonic DF system with robust symmetrical number system preprocessing is presented. Simulation and experimental testing results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical concept. The results demonstrate a direct DF receiver using DE-MZMs that achieves fine angular resolution using a much smaller array size than is typically required for linear arrays employing super-resolution signal processing techniques.

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“…One then has several milliseconds -the memory lifetime -to retrieve the signal components with a fast sweeping read-out laser. This approach is extensively studied for the spectrum analysis of broadband RF signals over 20 GHz, with sub-MHz resolution and sub-millisecond refresh time [9][10][11][12][13], and has even been upgraded to direction finding [14,15]. To reach higher time resolution, this architecture faces two limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 GHz instantaneous bandwidth RF spectrum analyzer with high time-resolution

Berger

Schwarz

Molin

et al. 2014

Microwave Photonics (MWP) and the 2014 9th Asia-Pacific Microwave Photonics Conference (APMP) 2014 International Topical Meetin

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We report on the experimental demonstration of a multi-gigahertz bandwidth RF spectrum analyzer exhibiting a resolution below 20 MHz, based on spectral hole burning in a rare-earth ion-doped crystal. To be compatible with demanding real-time spectrum monitoring applications, our demonstrator is designed to reach a high time resolution. For this purpose, we implemented the so-called "rainbow" architecture in which the spectral components of the incoming signal are angularly separated by the crystal, and are then acquired with a pixelated photodetector. The Tm 3+ :YAG crystal is programmed with a semiconductor DFB laser which frequency scan is servocontrolled and synchronized with the angular scan of a resonant galvanometric mirror, while a high-speed camera is used to acquire the spectra. In the perspective of future implementation within a system, the crystal is cooled below 4 K with a closedcycle cryostat. With this setup, we have been able to monitor and record the spectrum of complex microwave signals over an instantaneous bandwidth above 20 GHz, with a time resolution below 100 µs, 400 resolvable frequency components and a probability of intercept of 100 %.

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Broadband multi-emitter signal analysis and direction finding using a dual-port interferometric photonic spectrum analyzer based on spatial-spectral materials

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Review and Comparison of Spatial Localization Methods for Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Review and Comparison of Spatial Localization Methods for Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Wideband direction finding using a photonic robust symmetrical number system technique

20 GHz instantaneous bandwidth RF spectrum analyzer with high time-resolution

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