“…In recent years, the needs to increase data transmission rates and network connectivity have become more urgent because of the rapid progression in the development of 5G/6G telecommunication, the internet of things (IoT), autonomous vehicles, low orbit satellite communication, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In order to realize these emerging technologies, millimeter (mm)-wave devices require improvements in their electronic designs [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 ].…”