Broad-Spectrum Theranostics and Biomedical Application of Functionalized Nanomaterials

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an important branch of science in therapies known as “nanomedicine” and is the junction of various fields such as material science, chemistry, biology, physics, and optics. Nanomaterials are in the range between 1 and 100 nm in size and provide a large surface area to volume ratio; thus, they can be used for various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, bacterial infections, and diabetes. Nanoparticles play a crucial role in therapy as they can enhance the accumulation and release of pharmacological agents, improve targeted delivery and ultimately decrease the intensity of drug side effects. In this review, we discussthe types of nanomaterials that have various biomedical applications. Biomolecules that are often conjugated with nanoparticles are proteins, peptides, DNA, and lipids, which can enhance biocompatibility, stability, and solubility. In this review, we focus on bioconjugation and nanoparticles and also discuss different types of nanoparticles including micelles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, nanospheres, dendrimers, quantum dots, and metallic nanoparticles and their crucial role in various diseases and clinical applications. Additionally, we review the use of nanomaterials for bio-imaging, drug delivery, biosensing tissue engineering, medical devices, and immunoassays. Understandingthe characteristics and properties of nanoparticles and their interactions with the biological system can help us to develop novel strategies for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of many diseases including cancer, pulmonary diseases, etc. In this present review, the importance of various kinds of nanoparticles and their biomedical applications are discussed in much detail.

Nanodevices for the Efficient Codelivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Editing Machinery and an Entrapped Cargo: A Proposal for Dual Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

“…Here we envision that CRISPR-Cas9 delivery and drug release could be combined to enhance therapies in the inflammatory field. Although nanotechnology has centered on cancer therapy, and even by delivering the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing therapy, its application for managing inflammatory disorders is a less explored therapeutic field [ 48 , 49 ]. Accordingly, the versatility of MSNs has been previously demonstrated, which are a suitable nanocarrier to achieve dual drug delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.…”

Functionalized Silver and Gold Nanomaterials with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

“…Despite the various advantages of surface-functionalized Au- and Ag-based nanomaterials, the use of these NPs systems for tissue targeting in the human body or in vivo has not been more generally studied relative to other nanomaterials, such as lipid-based systems [ 85 ]. Considering the biomedical applications of Au- and Ag-based nanocarriers as drug delivery systems as well as their in vivo studies, it is very important to evaluate their behavior in biological body fluids.…”

Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance

“…Different kinds of manufactured nanomaterial and nanoparticles with a size of 1-100 nm in at least one dimension are used in nanotechnology (Farokhzad and Langer, 2009;Sharma and Bhargava, 2013;Khan et al, 2016). As numerous nanoparticles have been used in brain studies and research, including quantum dots (QDs), polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, and metallic nanoparticles, nanotechnology and nanomaterials open new pathways in biomedical science (Chenthamara et al, 2019;Alshamrani, 2022;Waris et al, 2022). Because of their small size and capacity to interact with biological systems at the molecular level, these nanoscale materials also have special properties such as a high surfaceto-volume ratio that can be mono or diverse with surface modification and also high stability (Umut, 2013;Natarajan et al, 2019;Singh et al, 2020).…”