“…Article characteristics recorded were: (i) author name, (ii) publication year and (iii) country of the corresponding author. Open Science practices were assessed by recording presence of the following in included reports: (i) Pre-registration: whether pre-registration was reported as carried out, where the pre-registration was hosted (eg, Open Science Framework, ClinicalTrials.gov), whether it could be accessed, what aspects of the study (hypotheses, methods and analysis plans) were pre-registered and whether the pre-registration was logged prospectively (prior to data collection commencing) or retrospectively (after data collection had commenced) 30 ; (ii) Protocol sharing: whether a protocol was reported as published and what aspects of the study (hypotheses, methods and analysis plans) were included in the protocol; (iii) Data sharing : whether data were reported as available, where it was available (eg, online repository such as Open Science Framework, on request from authors, as a journal supplementary file), whether the data were downloadable and accessible, whether data files were clearly documented and the extent that data reported were sufficient to allow replication of study findings; (iv) Materials sharing: whether study materials were reported as available, where they were available (eg, online repository such as Open Science Framework, on request from authors, as a journal supplementary file) and whether the materials were downloadable and accessible; (v) Analysis script-sharing: whether analysis scripts were reported as available, where they were available (eg, online repository such as Open Science Framework, on request from authors, as a journal supplementary file) and whether the analysis scripts were downloadable and accessible; (vi) Replication of a previous study: whether the study was described as being a replication attempt of a previous study; (vii) Open access publication: whether the study was published as open access, assessed via the open access button website 31 which harvests deposited publication from 1000s of academic institutions 32 ; (viii) Funding sources: whether funding sources were declared and if research was funded by public organisations (such as research councils or charities), pharmaceutical, activity-related or other companies; and (ix) Conflicts of interest: whether conflicts of interest were declared and whether conflicts were with public organisations (such as research councils or charities), pharmaceutical, activity-related or other companies. The journal impact factor of identified papers was intentionally not assessed to evaluate papers, due to well-documented issues with manipulation and inflation of these figures.…”