Bringing Back in the Spatial Dimension in the Assessment of Cultural and Creative Industries and Its Relationship with a City’s Sustainability: The Case of Milan

Abstract

The Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor (CCCM) is a valuable tool to measure and compare European cities’ cultural and creative vitality. It addresses three dimensions: the presence of cultural venues and facilities (i.e., Cultural Vibrancy); the jobs and innovations connected to the so-called creative industries (i.e., the Creative Economy); and the enabling conditions for culture and creativity diffusion: human capital, diversity, trust and openness, international accessibility, and connectivity (i.e., an Enabling Environment). Comparing and ranking cities on these different dimensions offer policymakers the possibility of developing strategies related to their development (Montalto et al., 2019). However, as is recognized in the report presenting the CCCM, significant methodological limitations exist. They are related to both the tool and the potential behavioral implications it generates (JRC-OECD Handbook, 2008) and to the difficulties with addressing a multifaceted phenomenon with scant data, which offer limited opportunities to adequately measure cultural and creative cities (Van Puyenbroeck et al., 2021). In this paper, we integrate the CCCM framework to propose a spatially contextualized application at the city level as a tool to support policymakers’ understanding of the potential role of cultural and creative organizations in city development (Soini and Dessein, 2016). We, therefore, build our arguments on a recent stream of research showing the importance of the spatial dimension to understand the relevance of cultural and creative industries within a context and inform decision-makers (Boal-San Miguel and Herrero-Prieto, 2020). This spatial dimension is even more important at the city level, where public, private, and non-profit organizations interact to execute culture-led policies (Bonet and Négrier, 2018). In this case, the location of specific organizations may be critical in offering opportunities at the neighborhood level, paving the way to space-driven local level policies (e.g., the 15 min walking strategy; see e.g., Pisano, 2020).

[Retracted] Progress and Emotion Expression of Campus Cultural Innovation Goods Based on Data Mining under Culture Shock Environment

“…The university campus is the base for breeding culture, and the campus teachers and students are the promoters and contributors of national cultural construction [ 3 ]. Therefore, the construction of campus culture in universities is also an important part of improving the soft power of national culture [ 4 ]. Secondly, for universities themselves, campus culture is a unique spiritual symbol of the campus.…”

The development of global creative centers from a regional perspective: A case study of Milan’s creative industries

“…Firstly, most of this research is focused on single cities, and there are few systematic and large-scale regional studies. Secondly, the research content is mainly macro and qualitative analyses, and there are less quantitative analyses based on data, especially from a regional perspective [ 15 – 17 ].…”

Efficiency Measurement and Heterogeneity Analysis of Chinese Cultural and Creative Industries: Based on Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Modified by Stochastic Frontier Analysis

“…The application of social network technology to culture and creative enterprises will boost the performance of CCIs. Also, the presence of cultural venues and facilities, the jobs and innovations linked to the creative industries, and the enabling conditions for culture and creativity diffusion: human capital, diversity, trust and openness, international accessibility and connectivity, can enhance the dynamism of cultural and creative industries (Bertoni et al, 2021). With the improvement of efficiency, the entry of more groups may bring about changes in the frontier structure of cultural production, which was found to have reduced the efficiency of the Spanish theater.…”

“…In summary, the cultural and creative enterprises should not be limited to the complete change and advancement of traditional culture but need to open up more business opportunities, adapt to the changing trend of the times, and integrate the internet plus culture with the CCIs (Li, 2020;Bertoni et al, 2021). For example, in China, Palace Museums have received much attention in recent years.…”