Brighter Time: A Smartphone App Recording Cognitive Task Performance and Illuminance in Everyday Life

Abstract

Light is an influential regulator of behavioural and physiological state in mammals. Features of cognitive performance such as memory, vigilance and alertness can be altered by bright light exposure under laboratory and field conditions. However, the importance of light as a regulator of performance in everyday life is hard to assess and has so far remained largely unclear. We set out to address this uncertainty by developing a tool to capture measures of cognitive performance and light exposure, at scale, and during everyday life. To this end, we generated an app (Brighter Time) which incorporated a psychomotor vigilance (PVT), an N-back and a visual search task with questionnaire-based assessments of demographic characteristics, general health, chronotype and sleep. The app also measured illuminance during task completion using the smartphone’s intrinsic light meter. We undertook a pilot feasibility study of Brighter Time based on 91-week-long acquisition phases within a convenience sample (recruited by local advertisements and word of mouth) running Brighter Time on their own smartphones over two study phases in winter and summer. Study compliance was suitable (median = 20/21 requested task completions per subject). Statistically significant associations were observed between subjective sleepiness and performance in all tasks. Significant daily variations in PVT and visual search performance were also observed. Higher illuminance was associated with reduced reaction time and lower inverse efficiency score in the visual search. Brighter Time thus represents a viable option for large-scale collection of cognitive task data in everyday life, and is able to reveal associations between task performance and sleepiness, time of day and current illuminance. Brighter Time’s utility could be extended to exploring associations with longer-term patterns of light exposure and/or other light metrics by integrating with wearable light meters.

Associations between light exposure and sleep timing and sleepiness while awake in a sample of UK adults in everyday life

“…To collect sleep and occupational schedules in the previous day, a study-specific diary was used ( SI Appendix , Table S3 ). The study-specific surveys were based on the BrighterTime mobile app ( 61 ). The repeated measure of sleepiness ( SI Appendix , Table S4 ) was collected by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) 10-item version (score 10: extremely sleepy) ( 62 ).…”

Human-Centric Lighting Research and Policy in the Melanopsin Age

“…However, for sample sizes that may yield evidence for the genetic underpinnings, there are no convenient assays for NIF function that can be deployed at scale. Ways forward could lie in a variety of different techniques, including miniaturized wearable light sensors ( Casson, 2023 ; Hartmeyer & Andersen, 2023 ; Hartmeyer et al, 2022 ; Joyce et al, 2020 ; Mohamed et al, 2021 ; Spitschan et al, 2022 ; Stampfli et al, 2023 ); smartphone-deployed apps probing alertness, cognition, and other parameters ( Gardesevic et al, 2022 ; Klein et al, 2021 ; Shatte & Teague, 2020 ); ambulatory systems for measuring hormone concentrations continuously ( Grant et al, 2022 ); and novel nonintrusive ways of measuring sleep–wake rhythms over long periods ( Alkalih et al, 2022 ).…”