Bright, Stable, and Biocompatible Organic Fluorophores Absorbing/Emitting in the Deep Near‐Infrared Spectral Region

Abstract

Small-molecule organic fluorophores spectrally active in the 800-950 nm region are sought-after for their broad potential in biomedical and material applications. We have developed a new family of brightly fluorescent dyes (ECX) to meet this challenge. ECX dyes are transparent to the visible region, while strongly absorbing in the NIR region at approximately 880 nm. They emit at around 915 nm with a fluorescence quantum yield up to 13.3 %. ECX dyes exhibit high chemostability, high photostability, and low tendency to aggregate. Other merits of ECX dyes include low degree of solvatochromism and facile post-synthetic derivatization. ECX dyes potentially make available the 800-950 nm region for spectroscopic and microscopic applications and are also expected to find broad material applications.

Hybrid Rhodamine Fluorophores in the Visible/NIR Region for Biological Imaging

“…Such fluorophores,w hich are active in the spectral region of 800-950 nm, have provided accessible windows for bioimaging applications. [95]…”

“…This has resulted in the development of hybrid rhodamine dyes into deep‐NIR spectral region (Figure ). Such fluorophores, which are active in the spectral region of 800–950 nm, have provided accessible windows for bioimaging applications …”

Nucleic‐Acid Structures as Intracellular Probes for Live Cells

“…First, probes must be resistant to degradation, which can be achieved through the introduction of base, sugar ring and backbone modifications on the nucleic acids, or their association with nanoparticles. Robust sensing in tissues and in vivo is ideally done with dyes with high brightness and wavelength emission profiles in the “optically transparent” NIR window (800–950 nm) . The development of stable and biocompatible dyes that fit these criteria is an active area of research, and we expect their development to greatly advance the capabilities of nucleic acid‐based sensors.…”

Near‐infrared imaging of diseases: A nanocarrier approach

“…Expanded pentafluorphenyl porphyrins were synthesized by the condensation of mesopentafluorophenyl dipyrromethane and pentafluorobenzaldehyde (Table 1G) (Tanaka, Shin, & Osuka, 2008). BODIPY that are polymeric and copolymeric at the mesoposition cores were designed by Donuru, Zhu, Green, and Liu A new family of brightly fluorescent dyes (ECX) was developed by Lei et al (2017). Xie et al (2009) synthesized several triply N-confused hexaphyrins with a triangular shape (Table 1I).…”

“…Two confused pyrrolic units were introduced into a normal hexaphyrin framework to synthetize doubly N-confused hexaphyrin (Table 1H) (Srinivasan, Ishizuka, Osuka, & Furuta, 2003). Therefore, they use spectral region of 800-950 nm for bioimaging applications and material-based applications (Lei et al, 2017). BODIPY that are polymeric and copolymeric at the mesoposition cores were designed by Donuru, Zhu, Green, and Liu A new family of brightly fluorescent dyes (ECX) was developed by Lei et al (2017).…”