Bright spatial solitons in biased centro-symmetric photorefractive medium under drift as well as diffusion effects

Some aspects of optical spatial solitons in photorefractive media and their important applications

“…Steady state incoherently coupled solitons are most extensively studied vector solitons in PR media [14,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. These solitons exist only when the two soliton forming beams possess same polarization and frequency and are mutually incoherent.…”

“…where A j = ne 2η0I d Φ j ; α, β, ξ, s and ρ are defined earlier. Above set of two coupled Schrödinger equations can be examined for bright-bright, bright-dark, dark-dark, gray-gray screening, photovoltaic as well as screening photovoltaic solitons [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. In the theoretical front, numerical method to solve above set of coupled equations was developed by Christodoulides et.…”

“…In next few lines we describe the method to identify bright-dark solitons only. For elaboration readers are referred to [14,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70].…”

Spatial solitons in biased two-photon photorefractive crystals with both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect

“…Shwetanshumala et al have reported the self-deflection process of bright solitons due to the linear electric-optic effect in noncentrosymmetric two-photon crystals [33] and quadratic electro-optic effect in centrosymmetric crystal [37] by using the paraxial ray approximation. Here we employ the beam propagation method [5,32] to investigate the deflection effect of the bright solitons due to two-photon effect in biased PR crystal with both the linear and quadratic electric-optic effect.…”