Brief review on ebola virus disease and one health approach

Hussein, Hassan Abdi

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19036

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…EBOV, a single-stranded RNA virus with a genome that encodes for 7 proteins [ 30 ], is by far the most common virus causing EVD. The surface glycoprotein (GP) plays an important role in immune evasion and disease progression, making it a key antigenic target for the development of Ebola vaccines [ 31 ]. Although the natural reservoir of EBOV is believed to be fruit bats, various animals such as non-human primates serve as intermediate hosts that can shed the virus and infect humans that encounter them, for example through hunting [ 31 ].…”

Section: Case Study: Ebovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Supply and Demand Dynamics of Vaccines against Epidemic-Prone Pathogens: Case Study of Ebola Virus Disease

Guttieres,

Diepvens,

Decouttere

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Health emergencies caused by epidemic-prone pathogens (EPPs) have increased exponentially in recent decades. Although vaccines have proven beneficial, they are unavailable for many pathogens. Furthermore, achieving timely and equitable access to vaccines against EPPs is not trivial. It requires decision-makers to capture numerous interrelated factors across temporal and spatial scales, with significant uncertainties, variability, delays, and feedback loops that give rise to dynamic and unexpected behavior. Therefore, despite progress in filling R&D gaps, the path to licensure and the long-term viability of vaccines against EPPs continues to be unclear. This paper presents a quantitative system dynamics modeling framework to evaluate the long-term sustainability of vaccine supply under different vaccination strategies. Data from both literature and 50 expert interviews are used to model the supply and demand of a prototypical Ebolavirus Zaire (EBOV) vaccine. Specifically, the case study evaluates dynamics associated with proactive vaccination ahead of an outbreak of similar magnitude as the 2018–2020 epidemic in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The scenarios presented demonstrate how uncertainties (e.g., duration of vaccine-induced protection) and design criteria (e.g., priority geographies and groups, target coverage, frequency of boosters) lead to important tradeoffs across policy aims, public health outcomes, and feasibility (e.g., technical, operational, financial). With sufficient context and data, the framework provides a foundation to apply the model to a broad range of additional geographies and priority pathogens. Furthermore, the ability to identify leverage points for long-term preparedness offers directions for further research.

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Section: Case Study: Ebovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Supply and Demand Dynamics of Vaccines against Epidemic-Prone Pathogens: Case Study of Ebola Virus Disease

Guttieres,

Diepvens,

Decouttere

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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National burden of Ebola virus disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo: the urgency to act

Ahmad,

Sagide,

Ntamwinja

et al. 2024

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Ebola virus disease (EVD) has long been a major public health concern for Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). First identified in DR Congo in 1976, the country has witnessed more than 25 outbreaks of this deadly disease, which has a case fatality rate of nearly 90% and manifesting with symptoms such as diarrhoea, vomiting, stomachache and haemorrhagic fever. African fruit bats have been speculated to be the reservoir of this virus. DR Congo is currently facing another EVD outbreak simultaneously with other communicable diseases, rendering it vulnerable to a shortage of medical and paramedical staff along with distrust among remote communities towards local authorities due to armed conflict and political instability. Moreover, lack of ring vaccinations and inefficient surveillance of suspected individuals are some other significant hurdles in disease control. Despite the availability of rVSV-ZEBOV/Erbevo vaccine and many antibody-based vaccines, challenges including politicization, low access to remote communities, and illiteracy have limited their effectiveness. Recently, the Congolese govt. has put in efforts such as building local capacities at the health zone level, outbreak control intervention, community engagement and social mobilization to counter the rising EVD cases. Four successive Strategic Response Plans have been implemented to increase resource mobilization by DR Congo and her partners. The Spread of zoonotics such as EVD can be confronted by implementing the One Health approach, which involves medical staff, veterinarians and public health officials.

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Recent Advances in Therapeutic Approaches Against Ebola Virus Infection

Soni,

Tulsian,

Barot

et al. 2024

RAAIDD

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Background: Ebola virus (EBOV) is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses belonging to the family Filoviradae that was first described in 1976 in the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has intermittently affected substantial human populations in West Africa and presents itself as a global health menace due to the high mortality rate of patients, high transmission rate, difficult patient management, and the emergence of complicated autoimmune disease-like conditions post-infection. Objective: EBOV or other EBOV-like species as a biochemical weapon pose a significant risk; hence, the need to develop both prophylactic and therapeutic medications to combat the virus is unquestionable. Method: In this review work, we have compiled the literature pertaining to transmission, pathogenesis, immune response, and diagnosis of EBOV infection. We included detailed structural details of EBOV along with all the available therapeutics against EBOV disease. We have also highlighted current developments and recent advances in therapeutic approaches against Ebola virus disease (EVD). Discussion: The development of preventive vaccines against the virus is proving to be a successful effort as of now; however, problems concerning logistics, product stability, multi- dosing, and patient tracking are prominent in West Africa. Monoclonal antibodies that target EBOV proteins have also been developed and approved in the clinic; however, no small drug molecules that target these viral proteins have cleared clinical trials. An understanding of clinically approved vaccines and their shortcomings also serves an important purpose for researchers in vaccine design in choosing the right vector, antigen, and particular physicochemical properties that are critical for the vaccine’s success against the virus across the world. Conclusion: Our work brings together a comprehensive review of all available prophylactic and therapeutic medications developed and under development against the EBOV, which will serve as a guide for researchers in pursuing the most promising drug discovery strategies against the EBOV and also explore novel mechanisms of fighting against EBOV infection.

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Brief review on ebola virus disease and one health approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Modeling Supply and Demand Dynamics of Vaccines against Epidemic-Prone Pathogens: Case Study of Ebola Virus Disease

Modeling Supply and Demand Dynamics of Vaccines against Epidemic-Prone Pathogens: Case Study of Ebola Virus Disease

National burden of Ebola virus disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo: the urgency to act

Recent Advances in Therapeutic Approaches Against Ebola Virus Infection

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