Bridging Knowledge Gaps: Returnees and Reverse Knowledge Spillovers from Chinese Local Firms to Foreign Firms

Are ‘sea turtles’ slower? Returnee entrepreneurs, venture resources and speed of entrepreneurial entry

“…New venture creation activities undertaken by entrepreneurs returning from overseas have attracted increasing attention among entrepreneurship scholars (e.g. Liu et al, 2014;Qin and Estrin, 2015;Wright et al, 2008). Returnees assume a unique role in filling important entrepreneurial gaps in emerging markets (Li et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2010) and in bringing back new knowledge (Qin, 2015(Qin, , 2016Wang, 2014).…”

“…Moreover, the presence of returnees can enhance a firm's absorptive capacity relating to new technology (Liu et al, 2014). Similarly, Alnuaimi et al (2012) found that Indian organizations that hire inventors from foreign organizations can be more productive than hiring inventors from other Indian organizations; when the inventors are recruited from abroad, their impact is even higher.…”

Reverse Knowledge Transfer in Multinational Companies: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Hence, knowledge could prove to be more complex especially when it spans across multiple domains of expertise" (Nair et al, 2015, p. 284). The authors also add that the complexity of knowledge contributes to increasing a characteristic that several other authors (Chung, 2014;Liu et al, 2014;Pérez-Nordtvedt et al, 2015) attribute to knowledge: its stickiness, or its difficulty to be transferred.…”

“…Main topics of research found in relation to the sender, or, in the case of RKT, the subsidiary (i.e., why knowledge from this specific subsidiary is valuable) included (a) the growing trend and benefits for the internationalization of firm R&D (Criscuolo, 2009;Criscuolo & Narula, 2007 Additionally, and related to those topics, spillover effects, that is, benefits accrued from proximity to companies of superior knowledge, were mentioned by other authors as a benefit and reason for having an international presence (Griffith, Harrison, & Van Reenen, 2006;Liu, Lu, & Choi, 2014). Taken as a whole, the above mentioned topics and authors refer, in different ways and through different concepts, to a parent company engaging in an RKT process to benefit from knowledge to which its subsidiary had access by virtue of being in a certain location, with certain players or in a certain context of superior or different knowledge stock, knowledge that the parent company would not otherwise have access to.…”

“…Studies focused on (a) general social interaction to promote overall communication and integration (Ambos et al, 2006;Chung, 2014;Criscuolo, 2009;Frost & Zhou, 2005;Noorderhaven & Harzing, 2009;Pérez-Nordtvedt et al, 2008;Verbeke, 2010;Zaragoza-Sáez & Claver-Cortés, 2011); or, more specifically (b), the use of expatriates (Bruning, Bebenroth, & Pascha, 2011;Ghauri & Park, 2012;Huang, Chiu, & Lu, 2013;Makela et al, 2009;Najafi-Tavani et al, 2012b;Vance, Andersen, Vaiman, & Gale, 2014;Zaragoza-Sáez & ClaverCortés, 2011); (c) rotation jobs (Criscuolo & Narula, 2007;Hakanson & Nobel, 2001;Minbaeva, Pedersen, Björkman, & Fey, 2014);or (d) returnees to the home country (Liu et al, 2014).…”