“…While corporate headquarters (HQ) and globally dispersed subsidiaries can learn from each other in several ways, reverse knowledge transfer from foreign subsidiaries to HQ has recently gained in importance (Peltokorpi & Yamao, 2017;Yang, Mudambi, & Meyer, 2008). Access to results of local research and development activities and insights into customer preferences in foreign countries can facilitate the targeted development of products and services for specific groups of customers (Kogut & Mello, 2017). In addition, receiving valuable knowledge from foreign subsidiaries enables HQ to orchestrate intra-organizational knowledge flows among different foreign subsidiaries, thereby ensuring more efficient implementation of global strategies (Ambos, Ambos, & Schlegelmilch, 2006).…”