Bremsstrahlung radiation from high-energy electrons in wide gas-filled gaps

Oreshkin, E. V.; Barengolts, S. A.; Огинов, А. В.; Oreshkin, V. I.; Chaikovskii, S. A.; Шпаков, К. В.

doi:10.1134/s1063785011060277

Cited by 11 publications

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“…[39][40][41][42] It was supposed that the electrodes are plane-parallel in geometry, the electrode separation is 50 cm, and the voltage is 800 kV, so that the average electric field E av % 16 kV/cm. It was assumed that the air that fills up the discharge gap consists of nitrogen (78 wt.…”

Section: Results Of Numerical Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39][40][41][42] An x-ray flash occurred within about 280 ns from the beginning of the voltage pulse; the flash duration was a few nanoseconds. Its occurrence was associated with the evolution of both cathode-initiated and anode-initiated streamers.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The streamer length was measured by the discharge cutoff method, 43 and at the instant that an x-ray flash occurred the characteristic dimensions of the anode-directed streamers were: radius r s no more than 0.5 mm and length L s $ 1.5-2.5 cm. A numerical simulation [40][41][42] has shown that with these streamer dimensions an electron with energy of several electron-volts injected in a gap from the streamer surface can switch in the continuous acceleration mode. For this 043105-2…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[39][40][41][42] The model proposed, similar to the majority of models dealing with the dynamics of RE, 25,32,33,35,[44][45][46] uses some simplifying assumptions and, therefore, it can only a qualitative description of the process of formation of an RE beam.…”

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Simulation of the runaway electron beam formed in a discharge in air at atmospheric pressure

et al. 2012

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The discharge condition to enhance electron density of capacitively coupled plasma with multi-holed electrode Phys. Plasmas 19, 093508 (2012) Atomic gas temperature in a nonequilibrium high-intensity discharge lamp determined from the red wing of the resonance mercury line 254nm J. Appl. Phys. 112, 053304 (2012) Diagnostics development for quasi-steady-state operation of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (invited) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10D730 (2012) Experimental determination of dielectric barrier discharge capacitance Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 075111 (2012) Airflow influence on the discharge performance of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators Phys. Plasmas 19, 073509 (2012) Additional information on Phys. Plasmas A numerical model is proposed which allows one to describe the dynamics of the fast electrons injected from the head of an anode-directed streamer. The model is based on solving numerically 3-dimensional equations of motion of electrons. In the context of the model, the number of electrons which can be injected from the surface of a streamer is determined by the number of electrons in the Debye layer. Results of numerical calculations show that about 10% of the electrons in the Debye layer are switched to the mode of continuous acceleration. The electrons that have not switched to the runaway mode form a residual space charge cloud, whose dimensions are several centimeters, near a streamer. The space charge screens the streamer tip; therefore, the generation of the runaway electron beam does not resume. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Simulation of the runaway electron beam formed in a discharge in air at atmospheric pressure

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“…Laboratory investigations of REs in high pressure gas discharges are carried out both at microsecond rise times of the gap voltage [1,7,8] for E av < E br and at subnanosecond rise times (that is, in overvolted electrode gaps) [5,6,9] for E av >> E br . In the latter case, the mechanism of formation of the runaway electron beam is the subject of discussion.…”

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An avalanche of runaway electrons formed in an air discharge

Oreshkin

Barengolts

Chaikovsky

et al. 2014

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Numerical simulation and analysis of energy loss in a nanosecond spark gap switch I V Lavrinovich and V I Oreshkin-Effect of electron extraction from a grid plasma cathode on the generation of emission plasma V N Devyatkov and N N Koval-Optimization of the vacuum insulator stack of the MIG pulsed power generator G Khamzakhan and S A Chaikovsky-Recent citations Simulation of a runaway electron avalanche developing in an atmospheric pressure air discharge E. V. Oreshkin et al-Runaway electron beam in atmospheric pressure discharges E V Oreshkin et al-This content was downloaded from IP address 54.149.104.195 on 09/05 Abstract. A numerical simulation of a beam of runaway electrons formed from an individual emission zone on a cathode has been performed for discharges in air of atmospheric pressure. The model is based on solving numerically two-dimensional equations of motion for the electrons and allows one to describe the dynamics of the fast electrons injected from the surface of the emission zone. In calculations it was supposed that the electric field at the surface of the emission zone is enhanced due to which conditions are realized for the electrons injected from the surface to switch into the mode of continuous acceleration. 1. Introduction Runaway electrons (RE) were discovered in atmospheric pressure discharges in the late 1960th [1]. An RE beam passing through a gas initiates, due to avalanche multiplication of fast electrons, breakdown, which has been termed runaway electron breakdown (REB) [2, 3]. It is supposed that REBs take place in lightning discharges. The possibility of existence of REBs gave impetus to both theoretical [2-4] and experimental research [5,6] of RE avalanches. An RE avalanche was observed in an atmospheric pressure air discharge when the average electric field in the gap, E av , was much greater than the dc breakdown electric field, E br [6]. These experiments have shown that the pulsed RE current in discharges with E av >> E br has the following structure. Its first portion of duration some tens of picoseconds, showing a strongly pronounced current peak, consists of high-energy runaway electrons. These are the electrons emitted from the cathode region where the field is enhanced due to the cathode geometry. Subsequently, with some delay, a second peak of RE current or a section of slowly decreasing current arises. This was accounted for by the formation of an avalanche of runaway electrons. The duration of the secondary electron beam was of the order of 100 ps and its current could be an order of magnitude greater than the current of the primary runaway electron beam. This took place if it was possible to avoid the decrease in electric field in the gap caused by the passage of the primary beam. Laboratory investigations of REs in high pressure gas discharges are carried out both at microsecond rise times of the gap voltage [1,7,8] for E av < E br and at subnanosecond rise times (that is, in overvolted electrode gaps) [5,6,9] for E av >> E br. In the latter case, the mechanism of fo...

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Bremsstrahlung of fast electrons in long air gaps

et al. 2012

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The results of an experiment on discharges in long atmospheric pressure air gaps at a pulsed voltage of amplitude up to 800 kV and risetime 150–200 ns have been analyzed. In the experiment, a radiation pulse of photon energy >5 keV and duration 10–20 ns was observed. In analyzing the experimental data it was supposed that a streamer is a plasma protrusion whose surface is equipotential to the cathode surface. It has been shown that the x-ray pulse results from the switch of electrons into the mode of "runaway" from the head of anode-directed streamers. For the electrons injected in the electrode gap from the streamer head, conditions for their switching into the mode of continuous acceleration are realized due to the enhanced electric field at the head. The predicted maximum of the spectrum of the bremsstrahlung generated by the runaway electron beam is around 15 keV. The presence of a maximum in the bremsstrahlung spectrum is due to that the photons emitted by electrons are absorbed by atoms of the gas in which the discharge operate.

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Bremsstrahlung radiation from high-energy electrons in wide gas-filled gaps

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Simulation of the runaway electron beam formed in a discharge in air at atmospheric pressure

Simulation of the runaway electron beam formed in a discharge in air at atmospheric pressure

An avalanche of runaway electrons formed in an air discharge

Bremsstrahlung of fast electrons in long air gaps

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