Breeding Sites of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> (Say) during the Rainy Season in Rural Lowland Rainforest, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Breeding sites of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) were investigated during a World Bank Assisted Project on Integrated Vector Management (IVM ) for malaria control at 5 v illages (Ipo, Ozuaha, Oman wa, Omademe, Ub ima) in the Ikwerre Local Govern ment Area (LGA ). The study was in the rainy season, June-September, 2009, in ru ral lowland rainforest, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samp ling was undertaken daily in a randomly selected (100 m x 100 m) grid in each village. Nu mber of Cx. quinquefasciatus (Say) immatures was appro ximately 6-fold that of An. gambiae s.l. Nearly 80% of Cx. quinquefasciatus immatures were fro m container-type breeding sites (metal, p lastic containers, "calabashes", tyres) and least fro m phytotelmata. The differences were significant (F Cal =35695636; F Tab =39.86; d f 1, 1; p<0.01). Plastic containers were the preferred site-type in this category. The container-type breeding sites also yielded the highest number of immatures per breeding site. In the pools breeding site-types, approximately 55% were fro m puddles and 45% fro m gutters; the difference was not significant (F Cal =334975; F Tab =39.86; df 1,1; p >0.01). In the phytotelmata breeding site-types, about 67% of Cx. quinquefasciatus immatures were fro m depressions on trees; the difference in total numbers among site-types was significant (F Cal =2.47x10 8 ; F Tab =39.86; df 1,1; p<0.01). The container-type breeding sites yielded approximately 90% of immatures at Omanwa, but decreased to 60% at Omademe. In contrast, nearly 70% of immatures were fro m pools at Ozuaha and 80% fro m phytotelmata at Ub ima. These variat ions were significant (F Cal =4305.94; F Tab =39.86; df 1,1; p<0.01). The results indicate that Cx. quinquefasciatus had invaded rural areas and their breed ing sites ubiquitous and variable among villages, highlighting the needs for studies locally, prior to larviciding.

Water depth‐dependent notonectid predatory impacts across larval mosquito ontogeny

“…In particular, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) is a member of Culex pipiens complex and is a competent vector of brancroftian filariasis, West Nile virus, Sandbis virus, St Louis encephalitis, Rift Valley fever virus and lymphatic filariasis (see Mandal et al , Turell and Manimegalai and Sukanya). Mosquitoes in the C. pipiens complex exhibit an abundant and worldwide distribution, and are known to colonise a broad range of aquatic environments, including wetlands, rice fields and artificial containers . To combat these vectors, predators such as aquatic insects, arachnids, crustaceans, fish, birds and bats have been identified .…”

“…Mosquitoes in the C. pipiens complex exhibit an abundant and worldwide distribution, and are known to colonise a broad range of aquatic environments, including wetlands, rice fields and artificial containers. [13][14][15] To combat these vectors, predators such as aquatic insects, arachnids, crustaceans, fish, birds and bats have been identified. [16][17][18] Biological control using predators has been effective in mosquito population management strategies (e.g.…”

The Microhabitat Ecology of &lt;i&gt;Culex quinquefasciatus&lt;/i&gt; (SAY) and &lt;i&gt;Anopheles gambiae&lt;/i&gt; in Some Parts of Bayelsa State, Nigeria

“…The high numbers of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae than Anopheles gambiae larva collection in this study isan indication that the species, which was once considered an urban mosquito [19]) is also colonizing rural pockets that were once free of this mosquito [12]. In urban areas, the typical breeding sites of Cx.…”

“…Several studies have elucidated the breeding behavior of vectors in different ecological settings [12][13]. The Knowledge about the bionomics of the vector species and their breeding site preferences are pre requisites for initiating long lasting larva source management of vector-borne diseases [14].…”

Manholes as an important breeding sites for Culex mosquitoes in Gazipur City Corporation, Bangladesh

“…(Juliano and Lounibos 2005), as well as from different natural containers including, leaf axils, depressions on trees, phytotelmata, etc. (Okiwelu and Noutcha 2012). This diversification of breeding nature of this mosquito species indicates its adaptive flexibility and ecological plasticity (Karlekar et al 2013, Wilke et al 2014.…”