Breeding for Nutritional and Organoleptic Quality in Vegetable Crops: The Case of Tomato and Cauliflower

Abstract

Due to novel and more demanding consumers’ requirements, breeding of vegetable crops confronts new challenges to improve the nutritional level and overall appearance of produce. Such objectives are not easy to achieve considering the complex genetic and physiological bases. Overtime, plant breeders relied on a number of technologies and methods to achieve ever changing targets. F1 hybrid seed production allowed the exploitation of heterosis and facilitated the combination of resistance and other useful genes in a uniform outperforming variety. Mutagenesis and tissue culture techniques permitted to induce novel variation, overcome crossing barriers, and speed up the achievement of true-breeding lines. Marker-assisted selection was one of the milestones in fastening selection, starting from the early ’90s in almost all seed companies. Only recently, however, are novel omics tools and genome editing being used as cutting-edge techniques to face old and new challenges in vegetable crops, with the potential to increase the qualitative value of crop cultivation and solve malnutrition in 10 billion people over the next 30 years. In this manuscript, the evolution of breeding approaches in vegetable crops for quality is reviewed, reporting case studies in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) as model systems for fleshy fruit and floral edible parts, respectively.

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“…Many studies outlined constraints and tomato improvement programmes which mainly focused on germplasm collection, morphological and agronomic characterization, molecular evaluation, diversity study, as well as screening germplasm against biotic and abiotic stresses (Melomey et al, 2019). F1 hybrid seed production allowed the exploitation of heterosis and facilitated the combination of resistance and other useful genes in a uniform outperforming variety (Natalini et al, 2021). These varieties would respond of growers and consumers requirements.…”

The Role of Italy in the Use of Advanced Plant Genomic Techniques on Fruit Trees: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

“…Few studies used the genome-editing approach to improve fruit quality; for example, in tomato, the biosynthesis of lycopene was promoted by inhibiting the conversion from lycopene to β- and α-carotene [ 89 , 90 ]. The genome editing of β-cyclase was also used to develop the β-carotene-enriched banana variety [ 91 ].…”

Chemical quality and bioactive compounds of sweet potatoes under phosphate fertilization

“…The quality of vegetables is a primary parameter due to the evolution of consumer demands (Natalini et al, 2021). Moreover, those which have been gaining attention not only from consumers but also from the industry are bioactive compounds, which are essential pigments in human health, due to their antioxidant potential (Giaconia et al, 2020).…”