Breed differences in macrophage infiltration and senescence state in adipose tissues of Wagyu and Holsteins

Abstract

Obesity stimulates the macrophage infiltration and senescence state in adipose tissues of humans and rodents. The adipogenesis capacity of Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) is higher than that of Holsteins. We hypothesized that breed differences between Wagyu and Holsteins may affect the level of macrophage infiltration and senescence state in adipose tissues. The macrophage infiltration, senescence marker gene expression and activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-βgal) in visceral and intramuscular adipose tissue of Wagyu were higher than those of Holsteins. In contrast, there were no differences in macrophage infiltration, senescence marker gene expression and activity of SA-βgal in subcutaneous adipose tissue between the breeds. Expression of p53 gene, the master regulator of macrophage infiltration and senescence state, in visceral and intramuscular adipose tissue of Wagyu was higher than that of Holsteins. In contrast, there was no difference in the expression of p53 gene in subcutaneous adipose tissue between the breeds. These results suggest that breed differences in macrophage infiltration and senescence state in adipose tissues of Wagyu and Holsteins are affected by p53 expression.

Intramuscular adipogenesis in cattle: Effects of body fat distribution and macrophage infiltration

“…We showed that the intramuscular adipocyte size of Holstein was smaller than that of Wagyu. We also showed that the expression of adiponectin gene in the intramuscular adipose tissue of Holstein was higher than that of Wagyu (Yamada et al, 2020a). Adipose tissue macrophages are key mediators of insulin resistance in humans and rodents (Russo & Lumeng, 2018).…”

“…We showed that macrophage infiltration in visceral adipose tissue of Wagyu was higher than that of Holsteins (Yamada et al, 2020a). In contrast, there was no difference in macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous adipose tissue between Wagyu and Holsteins.…”

“…In contrast, reduced adipose tissue macrophage improved insulin sensitivity (Koppaka et al, 2013). We showed that macrophage infiltration in the intramuscular adipose tissue of Holstein was lower than that of Wagyu (Yamada et al, 2020a). In addition, plasma insulin concentration of Holstein was lower than Wagyu, suggesting higher insulin sensitivity in Holstein (Matsuzaki et al, 1997; Yamada et al, 2009).…”

“…In contrast, there was no difference in macrophage infiltration in subcutaneous adipose tissue between Wagyu and Holsteins. In addition, SASP marker gene expression, SA‐βgal activity, and p53 gene expression in visceral and intramuscular adipose tissue of Wagyu were higher than those of Holsteins (Yamada et al, 2020a). There was no difference in SASP marker gene expression, SA‐βgal activity, and p53 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue between Wagyu and Holstein (Yamada et al, 2020a).…”

“…In addition, SASP marker gene expression, SA‐βgal activity, and p53 gene expression in visceral and intramuscular adipose tissue of Wagyu were higher than those of Holsteins (Yamada et al, 2020a). There was no difference in SASP marker gene expression, SA‐βgal activity, and p53 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue between Wagyu and Holstein (Yamada et al, 2020a). These results suggest that in addition to higher adipogenic capacity of Wagyu intramuscular adipocyte, increased macrophage infiltration in visceral adipose tissue of Wagyu might affect the limitation of energy storage in visceral depots via inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes and then enhances the accumulation of intramuscular fat.…”