Breastfeeding Status at Age 3 Months Is Associated with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Markers at Age 4 Years in Mexican Children

Ramirez‐Silva, Ivonne; Rivera‐Dommarco, Juan; Trejo-Valdivia, Belém; Martorell, Reynaldo; Stein, Aryeh D.; Romieu, Isabelle; Barraza‐Villarreal, Albino; Ramakrishnan, Usha

doi:10.3945/jn.114.198366

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Likewise continued breastfeeding (CBF) for over 12 months was associated with lower adiposity. These data support the importance of EBF and CBF for later cardiometabolic health (8) .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Obesity is on the rise and is a significant public health problem in the EMR, where one half of the countries have the highest rates of obesity in the world. Breastfeeding is protective against later obesity (8) . Also exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was found to be associated with lower adiposity and serum total cholesterol in children at 4 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant Feeding and Cardiovascular Disease: A multi-staged analysis from global to country data

Abul-Fadl¹,

Al-Jawaldeh²

2019

int.jour.sci.res.mana.

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Background: Death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and in particular in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). The relationship between early feeding practices and CVD remains to be fully established. Aim: To examine the relationship between early infant feeding practices as risk factors of death from CVD with a focus on high blood pressure (HBP) in the 22 countries of the EMR. Methods: First: global and regional data were compiled for deaths from CVD, HBP, nutritional deficiencies. Second: data from the EMR countries were compiled for adult obesity, high cholesterol (HC) and blood sugar (HBS) and pollution. Countries from the EMR were divided into high and low risk by HBP and biochemical data. Third: deaths from wasting, stunting, non-exclusive and discontinued breastfeeding and nutritional deficiencies including anemia, vitamin A deficiency, low bone mineral density and Zinc deficiency, were compared in both groups. Fourth: a small scale in-depth study (SSIDS) was conducted for 32 breastfed and 28 non-breastfed mother-child pairs under-five years of age. HBP and high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP) were measured. Findings: Nine EMR countries were identified as high risk for CVD with HBP, obesity, HC and HBS and pollution. Deaths from nutritional deficiencies and feeding practices were higher in this group. In the SSIDS, HsCPR was significantly lower in mothers and children who were breastfed and HDL significantly higher in children introduced foods after 6 months of age. Conclusions: Optimal infant feeding practices contribute directly and indirectly to reducing deaths from CVD.

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“…Likewise continued breastfeeding (CBF) for over 12 months was associated with lower adiposity. These data support the importance of EBF and CBF for later cardiometabolic health (8) .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Feeding and Cardiovascular Disease: A multi-staged analysis from global to country data

Abul-Fadl¹,

Al-Jawaldeh²

2019

int.jour.sci.res.mana.

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“…52,53 A prospective study on Mexican children concluded that an exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding had a beneficial effect on later cardiometabolic health through lower total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides levels at the age of 4. 54 Some studies demonstrated that these lower levels persisted even later in adulthood (from 17 to 64 years). 55 Yet, earlier at 4 and 8 weeks of life, formula-fed infants had lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride and transaminase level (ALAT, ASAT, γGT) compared with breastfed infants.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risks Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of infant formula composition on long-term metabolic health

Lemaire

Huërou‐Luron

Blat

2018

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Early nutrition may have long-lasting metabolic impacts in adulthood. Even though breast milk is the gold standard, most infants are at least partly formula-fed. Despite obvious improvements, infant formulas remain perfectible to reduce the gap between breastfed and formula-fed infants. Improvements such as reducing the protein content, modulating the lipid matrix and adding prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, are discussed regarding metabolic health. Numerous questions remain to be answered on how impacting the infant formula composition may modulate the host metabolism and exert long-term benefits. Interactions between early nutrition (composition of human milk and infant formula) and the gut microbiota profile, as well as mechanisms connecting gut microbiota to metabolic health, are highlighted. Gut microbiota stands as a key actor in the nutritional programming but additional well-designed longitudinal human studies are needed.

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“…This susceptibility to adult chronic diseases may be a response to exposures in utero —known as fetal programming—or early malnutrition in extra uterine life ( 224 , 225 ). Several studies in Latin America have documented the inverse association between BW and insulin sensitivity later in life ( 226 ), malnutrition during the first year of life and insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome later in life ( 227 – 229 ); and being exclusively or predominantly breastfed > 12 months and lower adiposity and serum cholesterol during childhood ( 230 ).…”

Section: Etiology Of Type 2 Dm In Hispanics/latinosmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Sea to Shining Sea and the Great Plains to Patagonia: A Review on Current Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America

et al. 2017

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The past two decades have witnessed many advances in the prevention, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Increased screening has led to a greater recognition of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and prediabetes; however, Hispanics/Latinos, the largest minority group in the US, have not fully benefited from these advances. The Hispanic/Latino population is highly diverse in ancestries, birth places, cultures, languages, and socioeconomic backgrounds, and it populates most of the Western Hemisphere. In the US, the prevalence of DM varies among Hispanic/Latino heritage groups, being higher among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Dominicans, and lower among South Americans. The risk and prevalence of diabetes among Hispanics/Latinos are significantly higher than in non-Hispanic Whites, and nearly 40% of Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes have not been formally diagnosed. Despite these striking facts, the representation of Hispanics/Latinos in pharmacological and non-pharmacological clinical trials has been suboptimal, while the prevalence of diabetes in these populations continues to rise. This review will focus on the epidemiology, etiology and prevention of type 2 DM in populations of Latin American origin. We will set the stage by defining the terms Hispanic, Latino, and Latin American, explaining the challenges identifying Hispanics/Latinos in the scientific literature and databases, describing the epidemiology of diabetes—including type 2 DM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)—and cardiovascular risk factors in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America, and discussing trends, and commonalities and differences across studies and populations, including methodology to ascertain diabetes. We will discuss studies on mechanisms of disease, and research on prevention of type 2 DM in Hispanics/Latinos, including women with GDM, youth and adults; and finalize with a discussion on lessons learned and opportunities to enhance research, and, consequently, clinical care oriented toward preventing type 2 DM in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America.

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Breastfeeding Status at Age 3 Months Is Associated with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Markers at Age 4 Years in Mexican Children

Abstract: EBF and PreBF at 3 mo were associated with lower adiposity and serum total cholesterol in children at 4 y. In addition, BF >12 mo was associated with lower adiposity. These data confirm the importance of exclusive BF and prolonged BF for later cardiometabolic health.

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Infant Feeding and Cardiovascular Disease: A multi-staged analysis from global to country data

Infant Feeding and Cardiovascular Disease: A multi-staged analysis from global to country data

Effects of infant formula composition on long-term metabolic health

From Sea to Shining Sea and the Great Plains to Patagonia: A Review on Current Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and Latin America

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