Breastfeeding Risk from Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Breastmilk

Zhu, Chengliang; Liu, Weiyong; Su, Hexiu; Li, Sitong; Shereen, Muhammad Adnan; Lv, Zhibao; Niu, Zhili; Liu, Dong; Liu, Fang; Luo, Zhen; Xia, Yuchen

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.001

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There were no infant outcomes reported for one mother with a positive breast milk sample. 41 In one case report, 10 a series of breast milk samples from the same women tested positive the day of delivery and on days 2 and 4 postpartum, and was negative on days 14-17. In the same case, viral RNA was also detected in placenta tissues and umbilical cord.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Twenty-eight case reports, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][32][33][34][36][37][38][39][40]42,43,45 and nine retrospective case series. [27][28][29][30][31]35,41,44,46 These report articles were included for narrative analysis.…”

Section: Study Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The included studies were reports from Australia (n = 1), 32 Belgium (n = 1), 33 Canada (n = 1), 34 China (n = 21), 12,13,[18][19][20][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][41][42][43][44][45][46] Germany (n = 2), 14,35 Italy (n = 6), 10,11,21,[36][37][38] Jordan (n = 1), 39 Singapore (n = 1), 17 Turkey (n = 2), 16,40 and the Republic of Korea (n = 1). 15 No additional information was available on the setting characteristics of the cases described.…”

Section: Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 One study assessed breast milk samples for viral infection from five women with COVID-19 but did not report on infant health outcomes or feeding practices for the corresponding five infants. 41 Of the 19 positive children, 10 cases were reported to be breastfed and four mix-fed from a woman with COVID-19, 10,14,15,17,19,21,24,25,[33][34][35] two cases 12,22,32,40 were described to be fed with a breast milk substitute (infant formula), and two cases that did not provide a description of infant feeding practices. 11,14 Infection outcomes are summarized in Tables 1 and 2.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 through breast milk and breastfeeding: a living systematic review

Centeno‐Tablante

Medina‐Rivera

Finkelstein

et al. 2020

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

139

123

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The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with a novel coronavirus strain, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At present, there is limited information on potential transmission of the infection from mother to child, particularly through breast milk and breastfeeding. Here, we provide a living systematic review to capture information that might necessitate changes in the guidance on breast milk and breastfeeding given the uncertainty in this area. Our search retrieved 19,414 total records; 605 were considered for full-text eligibility and no ongoing trials were identified. Our review includes 340 records, 37 with breast milk samples and 303 without. The 37 articles with analyzed breast milk samples reported on 77 mothers who were breastfeeding their children; among them, 19 of 77 children were confirmed COVID-19 cases based on RT-PCR assays, including 14 neonates and five older infants. Nine of the 68 analyzed breast milk samples from mothers with COVID-19 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA; of the exposed infants, four were positive and two were negative for COVID-19. Currently, there is no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through breast milk. Studies are needed with longer follow-up periods that collect data on infant feeding practices and on viral presence in breast milk.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 through breast milk and breastfeeding: a living systematic review

Centeno‐Tablante

Medina‐Rivera

Finkelstein

et al. 2020

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

139

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a novel pathogen in human, SARS-CoV-2 could transmit and lead to disease among various population, including pregnant women (1,3,4). Despite no evidence to support the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2, it has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be detected in human breastmilk (3,5). Considering that breastmilk can inhibit some viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and dengue virus(6, 7), we supposed that breastmilk could also inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of whey protein on viral infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin coronavirus in vitro

Fan

Luo

Hong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Since the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human breastmilk, little is known about the antiviral property of human breastmilk to SARS-CoV-2 and its related pangolin coronavirus (GX_P2V). Here we present for the first time that whey protein from human breastmilk effectively inhibited both SARS-CoV-2 and GX_P2V by blocking viral attachment, entry and even post-entry viral replication. Moreover, human whey protein inhibited infectious virus production proved by the plaque assay. We found that whey protein from different species such as cow and goat also showed anti-coronavirus properties. And commercial bovine milk also showed similar activity. Interestingly, the main antimicrobial components of breastmilk, such as Lactoferrin and IgA antibody, showed limited anti-coronavirus activity, indicating that other factors of breastmilk may play the important anti-coronavirus role. Taken together, we reported that whey protein inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and its related virus of GX_P2V. These results rule out whey protein as a direct-acting inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 and GX_P2V infection and replication and further investigation of its molecular mechanism of action in the context of COVID-19.

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Maternal and Newborn Disease and Related Control for COVID-19

Cimolai

2021

SN Compr. Clin. Med.

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The maternal-fetal/newborn unit is established at risk for COVID-19 infection. This narrative review summarizes the contemporary and cumulative publications which detail maternal infection, antenatal and newborn infections, and maternal/fetal/newborn management and prevention. There is a wide spectrum of maternal disease, but the potential for severe disease albeit in a minority is confirmed. COVID-19 carries risk for preterm delivery. Pregnant females can suffer multisystem disease, and co-morbidities play a significant role in risk. Congenital infection has been supported by several anecdotal reports, but strong confirmatory data are few. No typical congenital dysmorphisms are evident. Nevertheless, placental vascular compromise must be considered a risk for the fetus during advanced maternal infections. Clinical manifestations of newborn infection have been mild to moderate and relatively uncommon. Proven antiviral therapy is of yet lacking. The mode of delivery is a medical decision that must include patient risk assessment and patient directives. Both presymptomatic and asymptomatic mothers and offspring can complicate infection control management with the potential for spread to others in several regards. In the interim, infections of the maternal-fetal-newborn unit must be taken seriously both for the disease so caused and the potential for further dissemination of disease.

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Breastfeeding Risk from Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Breastmilk

Cited by 56 publications

References 7 publications

Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 through breast milk and breastfeeding: a living systematic review

Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 through breast milk and breastfeeding: a living systematic review

The effect of whey protein on viral infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin coronavirus in vitro

A Comprehensive Analysis of Maternal and Newborn Disease and Related Control for COVID-19

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