Breast milk intake and mother to infant pesticide transfer measured by deuterium oxide dilution in agricultural and urban areas of Mexico

Limon‐Miro, Ana Teresa; Aldana-Madrid, María Lourdes; Álvarez-Hernández, Gerardo; Antunez-Roman, Lesley Evelyn; Rodríguez‐Olibarria, Guillermo; Valencia, Mauro E.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.110

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We show here that nursing dams exposed on PND12, the time of maximal milk consumption per unit pup weight, or PND20, the time of theoretical absolute maximal milk consumption (due to body size) immediately before weaning, transferred TBBPA to the pups via nursing, as both stomach contents and livers collected from the pups contained appreciable amounts of chemical. We therefore concluded that nursing human infants are likely to experience lactational exposure following maternal exposure to the chemical, as has been shown for other toxicants (31–33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

TBBPA disposition and kinetics in pregnant and nursing Wistar Han IGS rats

et al. 2018

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Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant (BFR) commonly used in electronics to meet fire safety standards and has the largest worldwide production of any BFR. TBBPA has been detected in human breast milk and maternal/cord serum, indicating exposure to mothers, fetuses, and breastfeeding newborns although exposure to fetuses and newborns is poorly understood. Pregnant or nursing Wistar Han IGS rats were administered [C]-TBBPA in a single dose (25 mg/kg, 2.5 μCi/kg) and euthanized between 0.5&24 h post dose to determine disposition in pregnant and nursing rats and their pups. Systemic exposure was largely unchanged between 1&8 h post dose in pregnant rats; [C]-radioactivity in blood varied only slightly between 0.5&8 h (2.6 ± 0.6 → 2.6 ± 0.8 nmol-eq/mL) but was below the limit of detection at 24 h with an absorption half-life of 16min and elimination half-life of 17 h. C was observed at 30min in lactating rats and concentrations fell steadily through 8 h. Plasma from pregnant rats contained a mixture of TBBPA and TBBPA-conjugates at 30min but only metabolites in subsequent samples. TBBPA was not detected in lactating dam plasma in this study. Placental concentrations increased through 8 h while whole-fetus C occurred at 2 h post dose. In lactating animals, liver, uterus, and mammary time-concentration curves lagged slightly behind blood-concentration curves. It was clear from these studies that TBBPA is available to both the developing fetus and nursing pup following maternal exposure, and nursing pups are continuously exposed via contaminated milk produced by their mother. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of NIH/NCI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

TBBPA disposition and kinetics in pregnant and nursing Wistar Han IGS rats

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, there is the possibility that some pesticide metabolites found in this migrant population may have not necessarily come from this grape farm in Sonora, but from a previous exposure when working at another farm in their state of origin or from pesticides applied in their residence. Due to the high octanol/water partition coefficient of pyrethroid and OP pesticides, the build-up of these pesticides in fat tissues may have occurred [5,50]. Even though the majority of our study participants (80%) had only been working at this particular farm for less than 6 months, most (55%) had worked in the agricultural industry for more than five years, which may lead to a long-term chronic exposure to pesticides from their diet or/and occupational activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 50,000 tons of pesticides are used annually in Mexico [2,3]. Use of persistent organochlorine (OCs) pesticides in Mexico and worldwide has gradually been replaced by more degradable pesticides such as organophosphates (OPs) and pyrethroids [4,5]. In Mexico, OPs are among the most commonly used pesticides in urban and rural communities [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant Farmworkers’ Exposure to Pesticides in Sonora, Mexico

López-Gálvez

Wagoner

Beamer

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Expanding agribusiness in Sonora, a state in Northern Mexico, has increased the demand for temporary migrant agricultural workers. Sonora is one of the top states in Mexico for pesticide utilization. We conducted an exploratory study to evaluate exposure to organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid pesticides among migrant farmworkers. A sample of 20 migrant farmworkers was recruited from a large commercial grape farm during the harvest season. We administered a questionnaire on work activities, exposure characteristics, and socio-demographics. We collected urine samples to quantify pesticide metabolite concentrations. Most participants were originally from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, none had completed high school, and about half spoke an indigenous language as well as Spanish. The majority of participants had detectable concentrations of pyrethroid and organophosphate biomarkers. Geometric mean creatinine-adjusted concentrations for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (1.83 µg/g), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (0.88 µg/g), 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (0.94 µg/g), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (3.56 µg/g), and para-nitrophenol (0.63 µg/g) were significantly higher than in the general United States’ population and Mexican Americans. Our results also suggest that migrant farmworkers in this region are exposed to pesticides at higher levels than other farmworkers’ studies. Farmworkers’ age, language, training on personal protective equipment, time at the farm, and season, were significant exposure determinants.

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“…It has been reported that the half life for deltamethrin in rat hippocampus was 38.50 h ( Anadon et al, 1996 ), and deltamethrin needs a few days to be completely eliminated from the body ( Ruzo et al, 1978 ). In addition, many studies have provided evidence that deltamethrin exists in mammalian milk for a few days due to its high lipophilicity ( Venant et al, 1990 ; Limon-Miro et al, 2017 ; Dallegrave et al, 2018 ). Thus it is plausible that the consumption of deltamethrin via nursing occurred up to weaning and the deltamethrin exposure in this study was likely perinatal even though treatment was prenatal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Deltamethrin Exposure-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Offspring Is Ameliorated by Memantine Through NMDAR/BDNF Signaling in Hippocampus

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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Background: Pyrethroids have been widely used in residential and agricultural areas. However, little is known about the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on cognition in early development of offspring. In this study, the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on learning and memory abilities, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) receptor, and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in the hippocampus of offspring rats were investigated.Experimental Approaches: Groups each of six female SD rats, as F0-generation, were administered with deltamethrin (0, 0.54, 1.35, and 2.7, 9 mg/kg), or memantine (10 mg/kg), or co-administered with deltamethrin (9 mg/kg) and memantine (10 mg/kg) daily by gavage during pregnancy. The learning and memory ability was evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) task on postnatal day 21. The expression of NMDAR (GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B), BDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and pCREB/CREB in hippocampus were assessed with western blotting.Results: Prenatal exposure to a relatively low dose of deltamethrin (2.7, 1.35, and 0.54 mg/kg) had no impact on learning and memory abilities or the expression of NMDAR, BDNF, pTrkB, and pCREB in the hippocampus of the exposed offspring. The group treated with 9 mg/kg deltamethrin showed impaired cognitive abilities and decreased expression levels of GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, BDNF, pCREB/CREB, and pTrkB/TrkB in the hippocampus. However, the declined cognitive ability were ameliorated by memantine treatment with increased GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, BDNF, pCREB/CREB, and pTrkB/TrkB expression in the hippocampus.Conclusion and Implications: Prenatal exposure to a relatively high does of deltamethrin (9 mg/kg) alters cognition in offsprings and that this cognitive dysfunction can be ameliorated by memantine treatment. Moreover, NMDAR/BDNF signaling may be associated with the effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on cognitive ability in offspring.

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Breast milk intake and mother to infant pesticide transfer measured by deuterium oxide dilution in agricultural and urban areas of Mexico

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

TBBPA disposition and kinetics in pregnant and nursing Wistar Han IGS rats

TBBPA disposition and kinetics in pregnant and nursing Wistar Han IGS rats

Migrant Farmworkers’ Exposure to Pesticides in Sonora, Mexico

Prenatal Deltamethrin Exposure-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Offspring Is Ameliorated by Memantine Through NMDAR/BDNF Signaling in Hippocampus

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