Breast implant-associated squamous cell carcinoma in a male patient: A case report and review of the medical literature

Abstract

BackgroundPrimary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare tumor type. The diagnosis of this tumor type is more frequently made only after microscopy evaluation. Breast implant-associated SCC is rarer with medical literature review indicating only 18 cases reported in female individuals.Case presentationWe reported an unusual case that a man found a 3-cm sized mass on his left breast at first, who had a implant surgery 18 years previously to reconstruct the deformed left breast, as related to the Poland's syndrome. More than 1 year after the mass was detected, the size of the mass gradually increased to 20 cm with swelling and severe pain, and the patient was admitted to our hospital. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor, followed by removal of the implant, complete capsulectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The microscopy evaluation demonstrated the tumor as moderately and poorly differentiated invasive SCC. Follow-up at 12 months after showed multiple metastases, including the skin of the chest, axillary lymph nodes and pleura.ConclusionBreast implant-associated SCC can occur in male patients. Therefore, it should be considered when the clinical manifestation or histopathological appearance is not typical of other breast neoplasms. Malignant transformation of normal epithelial cells takes about 18 years, after which rapid evolution follows leading to fast growth of the tumor.

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the breast associated with breast augmentation implant capsule

“…Nearly all reported cases have occurred in patients who had breast augmentation over 10 years before presenting with unilateral painful breast swelling (Table 1). 8–24 It has been shown in previous reports that BIA‐SCC can occur with either silicone or saline implants, and that it can be an aggressive disease with poor prognostic implications 12,15,18,19,24 . Here, a case of primary SCC of the breast is presented arising in a patient with long‐standing saline implants.…”

“…8 Nearly all reported cases have occurred in patients who had breast augmentation over 10 years before presenting with unilateral painful breast swelling (Table 1). [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] It has been shown in previous reports that BIA-SCC can occur with either silicone or saline implants, and that it can be an aggressive disease T A B L E 1 Published cases of squamous cell carcinoma of breast associated with breast implants. with poor prognostic implications.…”

“…with poor prognostic implications. 12,15,18,19,24 Here, a case of primary SCC of the breast is presented arising in a patient with long-standing saline implants.…”

Clinical considerations and surgical outcomes of breast implant-associated cancer: An emerging disease of interest

“…The main manifestation was the presence of a 20 cm multinodular mass, which was surgically removed, in addition to the (textured) implant. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made, and despite receiving neoadjuvant therapy, the patient had an unfavorable prognosis with metastases to adjacent (29) structure . This constitutes one of the few cases described of a breast implant-associated cancer other than BIA-ALCL, which should be studied in greater depth to assess whether sex or a history of Poland syndrome could have been the causal factor of this malignancy.…”

“…Nevertheless, and interestingly, cases of malignant neoplasms other than BIA-ALCL have begun to be (29) (29) reported . Xia et al described the case of squamous cell carcinoma associated with a breast implant in a 52year-old male patient with a history of Poland syndrome, for which he underwent surgery 18 years prior for left breast reconstruction.…”