Breast conservation techniques for early breast cancer

Breast Cancer of the Older Woman: An Annotated Review

“…General Aspects In the last 20 years important developments in the management of breast cancer have occurred. These include limited surgery and adjuvant systemic therapy 148–151 . Radical mastectomy as primary treatment of localized breast cancer has been all but abandoned, and more conservative forms of surgery, including total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with breast preservation, have been developed 148–150 .…”

“…These include limited surgery and adjuvant systemic therapy 148–151 . Radical mastectomy as primary treatment of localized breast cancer has been all but abandoned, and more conservative forms of surgery, including total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with breast preservation, have been developed 148–150 . In approximately two‐thirds of clinically localized breast neoplasms, surgery is not curative because micrometastases have occurred prior to detection of the primary tumor 150–151 .…”

“…'48-151 Radical mastectomy as primary treatment of localized breast cancer has been all but abandoned, and more conservative forms of surgery, including total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with breast preservation, have been developed. [148][149][150] In approximately two-thirds of clinically localized breast neoplasms, surgery is not curative because Risk of cancer relapse after surgery is predictable from the factors listed in Table 2.156-159 Neoplastic involvement of regional lymph nodes is the strongest prognostic indicator: even minimal nodal invasion has negative prognostic i r n p l i c a t i~n s~~~-'~~ and the risk of recurrence and death is proportional to the number of affected lymph nodes.Is9 Tumor relapse rate at 10 years varies from 20% for patients with tumor-free lymph nodes to 87% for those with 213 involved lymph nodes.…”