Breast Cancer of the Older Woman: An Annotated Review

Balducci, Lodovico; Schapira, David V.; Cox, Charles E.; Greenberg, Harvey; Lyman, Gary H.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02879.x

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 187 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…While recent studies have concentrated on early breast cancer occurrence [50,51], equal interest should be given to postmenopausal disease, especially if new insights on the underlying hormonal mechanisms can be gained by delineating factors associated with late disease onset [1]. Future studies should focus on risk factors for breast cancer among women aged 65 years and older [52,53], since almost half of all newly diagnosed breast cancers in the U.S. now occur in this age group, and it is estimated that by 2030, two-thirds of patients with breast cancer will be 65 years old or older [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk among older women

Shantakumar

Terry

Teitelbaum

et al. 2006

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Reproductive factors have been shown to affect pre-and postmenopausal breast cancer risk differently, but whether there are additional age-specific differences among menopausal women as they age has not been clarified. We analyzed data from a large population-based case-control study that included 1,508 breast cancer cases and 1,556 controls, aged 20-98 years, who completed an in-home intervieweradministered questionnaire. The following subgroups were created to examine if the associations between reproductive factors and breast cancer risk varied by age-and menopausal-status: premenopausal (n = 968), postmenopausal < 65 years (n = 1,045), postmenopausal ‡65 years (n = 958). Among postmenopausal women ‡65 years, ever having breastfed decreased risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48, 0.92), and a strong dose-response relationship was observed for longer durations of breastfeeding (P trend = 0.02), with the most pronounced protective effect observed for ‡14 months of breastfeeding (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21,0.76). Late age at first birth (AFB) and older age at last birth (ALB) were associated with non-statistically significant increases in breast cancer risk in this older group, while late age at menarche and surgical menopause decreased risk. ORs for multiparity were close to the null. Among premenopausal women and postmenopausal women < 65 years, multiparity significantly decreased risk, and older AFB nonsignificantly increased risk. Our findings suggest that the well-known protective effect of multiparity attenuates with older age. Moreover, breastfeeding, one of the few potentially modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, was an important factor in decreasing risk among older parous postmenopausal women.Keywords Breast cancer AE Breastfeeding AE Age at first birth AE Age at last birth AE Parity AE Premenopausal AE Postmenopausal AE Age IntroductionThe number of women 65 years of age and older is increasing in the U.S. [1,2], and it is in this segment of the population that breast cancer incidence rates are

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk among older women

Shantakumar

Terry

Teitelbaum

et al. 2006

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…The effect of arm swelling on appearance has been suggested to be greater than the effect of coping with the initial diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer as the swollen arm or hand is a constant reminder of breast cancer, is a subject of curiosity to others, and may suggest a recurrence to the survivor (6). Generally, quality of life is compromised for breast cancer patients with lymphedema (5,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology of Arm and Hand Swelling in Premenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors

Paskett

Naughton²,

McCoy

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

224

197

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Background: Breast cancer survivors suffer from lymphedema of the arm and/or hand. Accurate estimates of the incidence and prevalence of lymphedema are lacking, as are the effects of this condition on overall quality of life. Methods: Six hundred twenty-two breast cancer survivors (age, V45 years at diagnosis) were followed with semiannual questionnaires for 36 months after surgery to determine the incidence of lymphedema, prevalence of persistent swelling, factors associated with each, and quality of life. Results: Of those contacted and eligible for the study, 93% agreed to participate. Fifty-four percent reported arm or hand swelling by 36 months after surgery, with 32% reporting persistent swelling. Swelling was reported to occur in the upper arm (43%), the hand only (34%), and both arm and hand (22%). Factors associated with an increased risk of developing swelling included having a

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“…The standard therapy, if the diagnosis of primary breast carcinoma is confirmed, is modified radical mastectomy or partial mastectomy with axillary lymph node sampling and postoperative irradiation 4 . The operative procedures can be performed under local anesthesia, if necessary, with negligible morbidity 5 . However, in this woman with substantial cognitive impairment, general anesthesia may be necessary, with increased risk of perioperative mortality, because of her dementia and general deconditioning 6…”

Section: Case Historymentioning

confidence: 99%