Breast cancer screening and diagnosis in the 21st century within the UK

Xuan

Molecular Medicine Reports

et al. 2015

The current study investigated the mechanisms by which licochalcone C induces apoptosis of T24 human malignant bladder cancer cells. Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was investigated using a morphological assay, flow cytometry and a caspase-3 activity assay. Alterations in the gene expression levels of Bcl-2 family members were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. The protein levels of pro-caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase were measured using western blotting. The results indicated that licochalcone C induced T24 cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Licochalcone C treatment reduced the levels of the anti-apoptotic mRNAs (Bcl-2, Bcl-w and Bcl-XL) and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic mRNAs (Bax and Bim). The Bcl-2 family inhibitor (ABT-737) reduced apoptosis induced by licochalcone C in T24 cells. The current study demonstrated that licochalcone C may be a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent for bladder cancer.

Section: Lc Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Caspase Activation In T2supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Lc Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Caspase Activation In T2mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Licochalcone C induces apoptosis via B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins in T24 cells

Xuan

Molecular Medicine Reports

et al. 2015

“…The early diagnosis of breast cancer causes a decrease in the mortality associated with the disease [14]. A meta-analysis including 11 randomized trials showed that the relative risk reduction of women taking part in the screening compared to a control group not undergoing mammography screening is 20% (95% CI 0.73–0.89) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Micro CT Study in Patients with Breast Microcalcifications Using a Mathematical Algorithm to Assess 3D Structure

et al. 2017

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of breast microcalcifications (MC) as a predictor of malignancy using highly resolved micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) datasets of biopsy samples.Material and MethodsThe study included 28 women with suspicious MC in their mammogram undergoing vacuum-assisted biopsy. Directly after the intervention, the specimens were scanned in a micro-CT with an isometric spatial resolution of 9 μm. Datasets were analysed regarding the number, volume and morphology of suspicious non-monomorphic MC (fl—fine linear, fp—fine pleomorphic, ch—coarse heterogeneous) and the structure model index (SMI). Histological evaluation was performed according to the B-classification: normal tissue or benign (group A: B1, B2), unclear malignant potential or suspicious of malignancy (group B: B3, B4) and malignant lesions (group C: B5).ResultsIn all groups, suspicious non-monomorphic MC were found: group A exhibited fp MC in 38.5% of samples, no fl/ch; group B: fl 14.3%, fp 28.6%, ch 14.3%; group C always had at least one type of suspicious non-monomorphic MC (fl (57.1%) or fp (57.1%)) in each sample. The different histologic groups showed a similar mean SMI (benign: 2.97 ± 0.31, malignant: 3.02 ± 0.10, unclear: 2.90 ± 0.28). Between the three groups, no significant differences were found regarding number, volume or SMI value of MC.Conclusion3D structure based on the SMI of MC analysed with highest spatial resolution is not significantly associated with the B-classification of breast lesions. Thus, magnification views of MC may be omitted in the analysis of MC detected in mammograms.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

“…Technological improvements in the field of medical imaging, including mammography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have markedly enhanced the accuracy for breast cancer diagnosis in the early stage (1)(2)(3). However, false-positive and false-negative diagnosis of breast cancer based on imaging remains (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of short-term follow-up magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of post-operative residual breast cancer

Zhang

2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of short-term follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of postoperative residual breast cancer. A retrospective analysis was performed on 10 patients who were diagnosed with non-malignant breast lesions by preoperative clinical, ultrasound and mammography examinations and intraoperative frozen-section pathology. These patients were finally confirmed as having malignant breast lesions by paraffin-embedded tissue histology and corresponding received second surgeries. Routine MRI, enhancement MRI and echo-planar imaging-diffusion-weighted imaging were performed on the 10 patients within 1 month after the first surgery. All the cases showed a local distortion of mammary architecture revealed by routine MRI and enhancement MRI images. The enhancement characteristics of the 10 cases were as follows: 3 cases featured stippled enhancement, 2 had small nodular enhancement, 1 showed dendritic enhancement, 1 had a ring-shaped enhancement of the cystic wall and 3 had no abnormal enhancement. The lesions of 7 cases had a type-I enhancement curve (progressive enhancement pattern) and 3 cases had a type-II curve (plateau pattern). The lesions of 4 cases had a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient. In total, 4 cases of tumor residue were diagnosed by MRI and the second pathological examination, while in 1 case the tumor residue was misdiagnosed by MRI but confirmed by the second pathological examination. In conclusion, the present study suggested that short-term follow-up MRI may be of value in the diagnosis of postoperative residual breast tumors and may be helpful for surgeons to develop an accurate surgical plan.