Breast Cancer in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Overview

Bilani, Nadeem; Zabor, Emily C.; Elson, Leah; Elimimian, Elizabeth Blessing; Nahleh, Zeina

doi:10.1155/2020/6387378

Cited by 130 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…This finding underscores progress made in the improvement of patient outcomes as treatment modalities become more targeted (prior to endocrine therapy, non-targeted chemotherapy was the gold standard for treatment of even hormone receptor positive breast cancer). This is also strongly reflected in one of our previous analyses, indicating that patients with tumors which were negative for all three receptors (TNBC), exhibited the lowest rate of 5-year OS (71%), followed by the ER-, PR-, HER2+ subtype (77%), the ER/PR+, HER2+ subtype (83%), and a highest 5-year OS rate seen in the ER/PR+, HER2-subtype (84%) [20]. Interestingly, HER2 overexpression, occurring in around 20% of breast cancers, is associated with worse natural prognosis due to increased growth and marked metastatic potential of these tumors [21].…”

Section: Overall Survival By Clinical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 67%

Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Growing Population

Bilani¹,

Elimimian²,

Elson³

et al. 2021

Global Women's Health

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Breast cancer represents the most common malignancy among women. However, due to effective public health campaigns and updated screening guidelines, the annual incidence of late stage diagnoses has fallen. This stage migration has allowed for better prognosis and more women achieving long-term survival. In this chapter, we review long-term survivorship – defined as 10 years from diagnosis – as reported in the United States and around the world. Additionally, we provide analysis for socio-demographic, clinical and pathologic factors associated with 10-year survival, using data from a large national registry. This chapter also utilizes historical case data to forecast stage migration patterns in breast cancer diagnoses, within the United States, to 2030. Finally, we discuss the effects of the novel coronavirus pandemic on breast cancer treatment and access to care, with a review of clinical considerations for the future.

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Section: Overall Survival By Clinical Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 67%

Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Growing Population

Bilani¹,

Elimimian²,

Elson³

et al. 2021

Global Women's Health

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“…MBC comprises around 0.4% of all breast cancers [ 1 ]. However, it accounts for a significant proportion of the global breast cancer mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MBC is considered to convey a worse prognosis. Five-year and 10-year overall survival is around 63 and 50%, respectively [ 1 ]. Overall and disease-free survival in MBC is similar to triple-negative ductal breast cancer [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metaplastic breast cancer with chondroid differentiation—case report and literature review

Leite

Dias

Oliveira³

et al. 2021

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) comprises less than 1% of all breast cancers, and it is defined by a mixture of adenocarcinoma plus mesenchymal and epithelial components. It is more common in older and black female patients. It has a larger size and faster growth, and it is frequently node-negative and triple-negative when compared with invasive ductal carcinoma. The authors report the case of a 72-year-old female patient, presenting with a breast lump, whose biopsy revealed a probable MBC with chondroid differentiation. She underwent a breast conservative surgery (BCS) and axillary sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND). The pathological report was concordant with the biopsy, and the patient was proposed to chemoradiotherapy. Despite its rarity and more severe features at diagnosis, BCS plus SLND plus radiotherapy should be offered to these patients, associated with chemotherapy. Chondroid differentiation is the rarest of all histological subtypes.

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“…Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and is considered to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Despite well-developed strategies for targeting primary tumors, they act poorly when it comes to metastatic malignancies, which are the leading cause of breast cancer-related deaths [1,2]. The breast tumors are categorized as Basal-like (triple-negative), Luminal A (ER positive-low grade), Luminal B (ER positive-high grade, HER2-positive), which can be encountered more specifically and selectively due to recent progress in molecular biology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmid-based CRISPR-Cas9 system efficacy for introducing targeted mutations in CD81 gene of MDA-MB-231 cell line

Kaboli

Rahimi

Taromchi

et al. 2022

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Introduction. Breast cancer has been represented a challenging issue worldwide as it is one of the major leading causes of death among women. CD81 gene, a member of the tetraspanin protein family, has been associated with the development of human cancers. Genome editing technologies, particularly the CRISPR-Cas9 system, have shown rapid progress in gene function studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of the CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid-based system to modify specific regions of the CD81 gene in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Materials and methods. Using bioinformatics database search, four different single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to target exon 3 and exon 5 of the CD81 gene were designed. The intended sgRNAs sequences were cloned into the expression plasmid pSpCas9(BB)-2A-GFP (PX458) bearing sgRNA scaffold backbone, Cas9, and EGFP coding sequences, which was confirmed by colony PCR and sequencing. Transfection efficiency was determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Gene editing efficiency was measured qualitatively and quantitatively using the T7E1 and TIDE software, respectively.Results. Our data show that expression constructs were successfully introduced into MDA-MB-231 cells with an acceptable transfection efficiency. Two sgRNAs that were afforded to introduce significant mutations in their target regions were detected by TIDE software (p-value < 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, CD81 gene editing in these cells has been investigated for the first time in this study using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Conclusions.Taken together, our data show that the CRISPR-Cas9 system can change the genomic sequence in the target area of MDA-MB-231 cells. Along with previous studies, we propose forethought when using T7E1-based quantitative indel estimates, as comparing activities of multiple gRNAs with the T7E1 assay may lead to inaccurate conclusions. Instead, estimating non-homologous end-joining events (NHEJ) by Sanger sequencing and subsequent TIDE analysis is recommended.

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Breast Cancer in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Overview

Cited by 130 publications

References 18 publications

Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Growing Population

Long-Term Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Growing Population

Metaplastic breast cancer with chondroid differentiation—case report and literature review

Plasmid-based CRISPR-Cas9 system efficacy for introducing targeted mutations in CD81 gene of MDA-MB-231 cell line

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