Breast Cancer Heterogeneity

Fumagalli, Caterina; Barberis, Massimo

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11091555

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Breast cancer, as the most commonplace tumor in female population, has a very strong time variant tumor metastasis and spatial heterogeneity associated with genotype and phenotypic differences, leading to a continuous change in the evaluation and treatment process of breast cancer ( Fumagalli and Barberis, 2021 ).…”

Section: Anticancer Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of bee venom and its main components: Recent progress and perspective

Shi

Xie²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Bee venom (BV), a type of defensive venom, has been confirmed to have favorable activities, such as anti-tumor, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-infectivity effects, etc. This study reviewed the recent progress on the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of BV and its main components against cancer, neurological disorders, inflammatory diseases, pain, microbial diseases, liver, kidney, lung and muscle injury, and other diseases in literature during the years 2018–2021. The related target proteins of BV and its main components against the diseases include Akt, mTOR, JNK, Wnt-5α, HIF-1α, NF-κB, JAK2, Nrf2, BDNF, Smad2/3, AMPK, and so on, which are referring to PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, HIF-1α, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, Nrf2/HO-1, TrkB/CREB/BDNF, TGF-β/Smad2/3, and AMPK signaling pathways, etc. Further, with the reported targets, the potential effects and mechanisms on diseases were bioinformatically predicted via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, disease ontology semantic and enrichment (DOSE) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. This review provides new insights into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of BV and its main components on diseases.

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Section: Anticancer Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of bee venom and its main components: Recent progress and perspective

Shi

Xie²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…HER2/erbB2 oncogene overexpression or amplification occurs in ~20% of BC patients, representing a negative prognostic factor, as HER2-positive BC is characterized by more aggressive tumor behavior ( 130 , 131 ). Moreover, HER2 expression may vary between the primary tumor and metastatic lesions (intra-tumor or temporal heterogeneity), with discordant expression rates between 4 and 16% for HER2 expressions, affecting tumor behavior and response to treatment ( 132 ). Finally, HER expression may also change during treatment.…”

Section: Molecular Imaging Of Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-conventional and Investigational PET Radiotracers for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Balma¹,

Liberini

Racca

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, with high morbidity and mortality rates. In breast cancer, the use of novel radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and staging, refine surveillance strategies and accuracy in choosing personalized treatment approaches, including radioligand therapy. Nuclear medicine thus shows great promise for improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients by allowing non-invasive assessment of the diverse and complex biological processes underlying the development of breast cancer and its evolution under therapy. This review aims to describe molecular probes currently in clinical use as well as those under investigation holding great promise for personalized medicine and precision oncology in breast cancer.

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“…The main barrier to advancing BC treatment is the complex heterogeneity of breast tumors ( 66 ). For BC diagnosis, a solid biopsy is a well-established technique in clinics that provides information about tumor histology and subtype.…”

Section: Liquid Biopsy In Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential utility of miRNAs for liquid biopsy in breast cancer

et al. 2022

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Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy due to its incidence rate, recurrence, and metastasis in women. Conventional strategies of cancer detection– mammography and tissue biopsy lack the capacity to detect the complete cancer genomic landscape. Besides, they often give false- positive or negative results. The presence of this and other disadvantages such as invasiveness, high-cost, and side effects necessitates developing new strategies to overcome the BC burden. Liquid biopsy (LB) has been brought to the fore owing to its early detection, screening, prognosis, simplicity of the technique, and efficient monitoring. Remarkably, microRNAs (miRNAs)– gene expression regulators seem to play a major role as biomarkers detected in the samples of LB. Particularly, miR-21 and miR-155 among other possible candidates seem to serve as favorable biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Hence, this review will assess the potential utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and will highlight certain promising candidates for the LB approach in the diagnosis and management of BC that may optimize the patient outcome.

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Breast Cancer Heterogeneity

Cited by 28 publications

References 89 publications

Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of bee venom and its main components: Recent progress and perspective

Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of bee venom and its main components: Recent progress and perspective

Non-conventional and Investigational PET Radiotracers for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Potential utility of miRNAs for liquid biopsy in breast cancer

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